Henri DUTILLEUX (1916-2013)
Symphony No. 1 (1951) [30:34]
Tout un monde lointain … for cello and orchestra (1970) [26:33]
The Shadows of Time (1997) [21:13]
Xavier Phillips (cello)
Seattle Symphony/Ludovic Morlot
rec. S. Mark Taper Foundation Auditorium, Benaroya Hall, Seattle, Washington, 14 and 18 September, 30 October, 13 and 16 November 2012 (Symphony), 14 and 18 September 2012 (Tout un monde), 15-18 November 2012, live in concert (Shadows)
SEATTLE SYMPHONY MEDIA SSM1001 [78:29]
In common with such other orchestras as the San Francisco Symphony and
the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, the Seattle Symphony now has its own
recording label. To celebrate they have issued four discs, three of which
contain French music as befits the orchestra’s music director since
2011, Ludovic Morlot. According to his tribute, “Remembering Dutilleux”,
in the CD booklet, Morlot first met the composer when the conductor was
a student at Tanglewood, the Boston Symphony’s summer home, and
later spent time with him in Paris. Dutilleux was always generous with
his time for those musicians performing his works, if earlier recordings
of his music are any indication. The same seems to be true here, and Morlot
indeed shows a real affinity for Dutilleux’s music.
The CD’s programme encompasses a large part of Dutilleux’s
career, beginning with his first orchestral work, the Symphony No. 1.
The symphony would seem to follow the traditional four-movement pattern
if it were not for the Passacaglia first movement. The movement
begins quietly on the lower strings and then builds from there with thirty-five
repetitions to a sonorous climax before becoming quiet and ending with
strings and glockenspiel. The second movement Scherzo also begins
quietly, but is breezy and colorful. It contains a blues-tinged bassoon
solo and ends in a burst of sound on a bright, D major chord. The third
movement Intermezzo is quiet and ruminative with the main themes
on the strings and woodwinds and brass punctuating for the most part,
though there are also a couple of nice horn solos here. The final movement,
unlike the others, begins loudly on brass and timpani playing heavy chords.
It follows a path opposite that of the first movement, containing variations
on the initial theme, but winding down to end quietly in the strings.
This is the longest movement of the symphony and in addition to jazz shows
the influence of Stravinsky. There is a passage beginning at about 6:40
that could have come from Le Sacre. Dutilleux’s orchestration
is denser in this work than what we hear in his later compositions and
in some respects reminds me of Albert Roussel more than either Debussy
or Ravel. Even so, the symphony is clearly by Dutilleux and very well
constructed. It deserves more exposure than it has received. On CD, its
main competition comes from Yan Pascal Tortelier and the BBC Philharmonic
on Chandos, a disc that also contains the composer’s more familiar
Symphony No. 2. It is good to have both symphonies on the same CD and
that recording is not superseded by this new one with Morlot and the Seattle
Symphony. Nevertheless, this one more than holds its own in such company.
If anything, the sound is generally bolder and clearer and both orchestras
perform well. Morlot’s bassoonist, who employs a little vibrato,
is especially expressive in the second movement. On the other hand, in
Tortelier’s recording one can hear the fine horn solo near the beginning
of the third movement, whereas this solo is rather masked by the strings
in Morlot’s — even if Morlot’s cellos are particularly
ardent at the beginning of the movement.
There is more competition when it comes to the other works here, in particular
the cello concerto, Tout un monde lointain … (“A
Whole Distant World”). The concerto’s title and those for
each of its five movements are derived from the poetry of the symbolist
Baudelaire. It is a representative work from Dutilleux’s maturity
and more introspective than the symphony. It shows well how far he traveled
from the earlier composition with the concerto’s luminous orchestration
and more delicate textures, though it, too, rises to mighty climaxes in
the orchestra. Tout un monde lointain … has received a
number of excellent recordings since its première by Rostropovich.
That account still remains the benchmark by the very fact that Dutilleux
composed the work for the cellist. Yet, that recording places the cellist
inordinately close to the microphone to the detriment of the colorful
orchestral part. Last year I reviewed
a recording by Anssi Karttunen and the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio
France under Esa-Pekka Salonen, which became one of my Recordings of the
Year primarily because the disc included the world prèmiere of
Dutilleux’s song cycle, Correspondances. Karttunen gives
an eloquent account of the work with significantly better accompaniment
by Salonen than Rostropovich received on his recording. If anything, the
French cellist Xavier Phillips outdoes Karttunen by virtue of his gorgeous
tone - he plays a 1710 Matteo Gofriller cello - and stupendous technique.
In this regard he is more like Rostropovich, but with a much better recorded
orchestra. Indeed, soloist and orchestra are treated as equals here and
overall produce the most satisfying results.
The Shadows of Time is also becoming one of Dutilleux’s
best-known works and deservedly so. It was one his last orchestral compositions
and one that has immediate appeal, if perhaps not quite the depth of some
of his other works. It is a real tour de force for the orchestra.
Dutilleux began composing The Shadows of Time, as a commission
from Seiji Ozawa and the Boston Symphony, in 1995, to coincide with the
fiftieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War. The title indicates
the composer’s concern with light and darkness and the passage of
time. The work both begins and ends with the tick-tock of the temple block.
The third of six movements, which include an interlude, is entitled Mémoire
des ombres and is dedicated to “Anne Frank and to all innocent
children of the world (1945-1995)”, as quoted in Paul Schiavo’s
informative notes to the CD. This movement contains the singing of three
children’s voices, asking “Pourquoi nous? Pourquoi l’étoile?”
(Why us? Why the star?). Morlot has three boy sopranos, identified as
Benjamin Richardson, Kepler Swanson and Andrew Torgelson, who acquit themselves
very well here. Ozawa used two boys and a girl on his recording and Salonen’s
account, which is on the same CD as the cello concerto and Correspondances,
also has three boys. Apparently Dutilleux did not specify the makeup of
the children. All three recordings excel in different ways. Ozawa’s
has the authority of the dedicatee and superb playing by the orchestra.
His recorded sound is the clearest with the percussion making the greatest
impact. The downside is that his live recording betrays the presence of
the audience especially when listening on headphones. Morlot’s is
also a live recording, but one would not guess that there is an audience
present. At the same time, the sound is not as clear as that provided
for Ozawa. It still makes plenty of impact and the performance itself
leaves little to be desired. The brass playing is outstanding throughout
and the bluesy trumpet and trombone solos in the last movement come off
especially well. The very ending with the temple block, clear but quiet
and then just fading away, is extremely effective. Salonen on his recording
has the advantage of the most expressive boy soloists, who sing warmly
and sweetly and whose diction is the clearest of all. Salonen also brings
out subtleties in the scoring that make his account so attractive.
To sum up, Morlot and the Seattle Symphony compete well in this new recording
and can be favoured for their particular coupling of works. They make
an eloquent case for the composer, as do the others noted above. Tortelier’s
is still the one to have if you want both symphonies together. Salonen’s
recording is indispensable alone for the Correspondances and
they also do the other works proud. Ozawa’s The Shadows of Time
would still be my first choice, even with the audible audience, because
of the impact it makes. For the cello concerto, though, I am tempted to
choose this superb new one by Xavier Phillips as the best of all ... for
now at least.
Seattle Symphony Media’s production is first-rate, containing a
glossy booklet with color photos that provides useful information on the
performers and succinct notes on the works. In addition, it includes a
full listing of the orchestra members — something I wish more labels
would do.
I look forward to future recordings by this enterprise and hope they will
give us more Dutilleux.
Leslie Wright
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