Felix MENDELSSOHN (1809 – 1847)
Sacred Choral Works
see end of review for track listing
Lydia Allert (soprano); Anja Bittner (soprano); Heike Heilmann (soprano);
Nathalie Karl (soprano); Annemarie Kremer (soprano); Petra Labitzke (soprano);
Alena Leja (soprano); Isabell Muller-Cant (soprano); Birgit Wegermann (soprano);
Birgit Meyer (alto); Eibe Mohlmann (alto); Barbara Werner (alto); Gabriele
Wunderer (alto); Gerhard Holzle (tenor); Robert Morvai (tenor); Gerhard Nennemann
(tenor); Dainel Sans (tenor); Raimund Spogis (baritone); Manfred Bittner (bass);
Christof Fischesser (bass); Philip Niederberger (bass); Wilhelm Schwinghammer
(bass); Alice Duskova (organ); Chamber Choir of Europe/Nicol Matt; Wurttembergische
Philharmonie Reutlingen/Nicol Matt
rec. 2002 Studio der Wurttemburgischen Philharmonie Reutlingen, Kloster Bronnbach,
Wertheim
BRILLIANT CLASSICS 94263 [8 CDs: 80.38 + 78.53 + 67.37 + 72.41 + 67.15
+ 72.14 + 78.18 + 53.13]
Mendelssohn wrote a significant amount of sacred music during his life, covering
a time span from 1821 - when he was 12 - to the year of his death. This boxed
set covers just about all of it in 8 CDs, all recorded by the Chamber Choir
of Europe under Nicol Matt.
Listening to these discs I was struck by how certain influences seem to recur
in the music: renaissance polyphony, the chorale and J.S. Bach. Though the
music covers a wide variety of sacred genres, it is the chorale that predominates
and Latin church music is relatively sparse; Mendelssohn wrote no full blown
Latin mass.
He was writing sacred music at a time of great change, when the role of music
within the Latin liturgy was being questioned. Mendelssohn was dismissive
of the neo-Palestrinian music written by the Cecilian movement and seems to
have been most comfortable within the world of the Lutheran liturgy where
Bach was the major influence. That is not to say that there are not some Latin
gems as well.
Disc 1 opens with some of the most vivid music here, the five psalm cantatas.
These works for choir and orchestra were written between 1830 and 1843 with
many receiving performances in Leipzig. The influence of Mendelssohn’s oratorio
Elijah lies heavy over these, and they do sound rather like
sketches for the oratorio. Simply, I can’t understand why these pieces are
not better known and in use by choral societies.
CD 2 contains the 8 chorale cantatas, written between 1828 and 1832
- and thus mostly earlier than the psalm cantatas - though Mendelssohn actually
only published one. These are seriously Bach-inspired pieces, mixing chorales
with arias and solo moments. There are some well wrought, vigorous fugues
but much of the choral writing is far more homophonically chorale-based with
vigorous orchestral accompaniment. I have to confess that, though these pieces
are nicely constructed, I did rather tire of the chorale.
We begin the third CD with a rather curious piece, Hymn, 3 Sacred Songs
and Fugue, Op. 96, though in fact the first three movements had a separate
life. By the last movement the hymn/song structure is beginning to pall. The
final movement provides welcome relief as it turns out to be Hear my prayer
(here Hor mein Bitten) with a nice soprano solo from Lydia Allert.
This is followed by an early Kyrie, first performed in Berlin in 1825;
an interesting relief from the chorales with fully worked out polyphony and
dramatic structure. I rather wished that we could have heard the rest of the
mass. With this movement, we virtually say goodbye to any orchestral accompaniment,
nearly all the remaining pieces in the set being unaccompanied or having organ
accompaniment - or in one case, cello and double bass.
With Lauda Sion we get to one of Mendelssohn’s mature masterpieces,
a rare Latin setting. A finely structured multi-movement work with a mixture
of choral, solo soprano and solo quartet movements. This disc concludes with
the early Latin motet Tu es Petrus.
CD 4 opens with another early work, the Magnificat from 1822. It is
rather grand with orchestral accompaniment. It’s attractively melodic but
it does sound rather early and reliant on earlier models. The 1822 Gloria
is similarly creditable but I couldn’t really work up too much enthusiasm
- though bear in mind that Mendelssohn was only 13 when this was written –
a stupendous achievement.
With the 6 Anthems Op. 79 for double choir we get the real deal: one
of Mendelssohn’s late choral masterpieces. These six anthems are a cycle around
the church’s year, written separately and first performed together in Berlin
in 1846. These mix Mendelssohn’s interest in Bachian motet structures with
a later Romantic sensibility to create something quite distinctive.
Mendelssohn’s youthful study in the manner of Venetian multi-choir pieces,
Hora Est, starts the fifth disc. This work for four choirs is a brilliant
tour-de-force. Mendelssohn’s writing is more sober, with less élan
than his models, but the piece works superbly, and I can testify, from personal
experience, that it is great to sing and works well in live performance.
The four-part Te Deum from 1832 was first performed in London, one
of a group of works on these discs which have British origins and could reasonably
have been performed in English. The brilliant Ave Maria for eight-part
choir was published with two other German language pieces as Op. 23 though
on these discs the works are separated. The Ave Maria was first performed
in Bonn in 1830.
Another Te Deum, this time in eight parts, was written a few years
earlier than the four-part one; it is a substantial work with a lot of solo
writing and some substantial fugal choruses.
On this disc some of the strains of recording such a huge amount of material
on a tight budget rather show. The solo performances are a little variable
and some passages seem uncertain and smudged.
The Deutsche Liturgie, comprising a Kyrie, Gloria and Sanctus, was
suitable for use in the Lutheran church; it is a late work, compact but stirring
and striking.
CD 6 opens with the two German language pieces from Op. 23 - companions to
the Ave Maria. These manage to transcend their rather schematic construction.
Aus tiefer Not is a multi-movement work with a flexible sequence of
chorale, fugue and arias whereas Mitten wir im Leben is a substantial
single movement work. Mitten wir im Leben feels like mature Mendelssohn
- he was 19 when he wrote it - with a flexible structure full of Bachian polyphony.
With Jesus meini Zuversicht (from 1824) we are back to the chorale,
aria, fugue structure and there were some smudgy passages in both the choral
and solo work. Thankfully the disc closes with two masterpieces from Mendelssohn’s
late maturity, the Three Motets Op. 69 and the Three Psalms
Op. 78. The Three Motets are in fact Mendelssohn’s Evening Service
(Magnificat, Nunc Dimittis and Jubilate) written for the UK but published
with a German text. These are the real thing, as are the Three Psalms,
Op. 78. These latter pieces are some of Mendelssohn’s final sacred music -
and amongst his final works altogether. They show his mastery of the form,
in his own distinctive manner.
The performances from Matt and the Chamber Choir of Europe are lyrical and
flexible; perhaps tone is a little thin at times but they are more than creditable.
After the joys of late Mendelssohn, on CD 7 we are back into the world of
the chorale; with the exception of the Kyrie in C and Jube Domine
the remaining works on this disc (Choralharmonisierungen, Cantique
pour l’Eglise Wallone, 2 English Psalms, 7 Psalms and 13
Psalm Motets) are harmonised chorales and, apart from some of the 13
Psalm motets, harmonised homophonically. This is a disc for completists
only and not one I shall return to quickly.
With the final disc we move to works for female voices and for male voices.
The disc starts with Mendelssohn’s Three Motets Op. 39 for women’s
choir and organ (Veni Domine, Laudate Pueri, Suffexit pastor bonus).
They were written in Rome about the same time as he wrote the Op. 23 motets.
They are pleasantly melodic pieces with interesting textures which flow nicely,
certainly not overtly chorale based. This is followed by another piece for
women’s voices, Hebe deine Augen auf which is the trio from Elijah.
The final work for female voices, O beata et benedicta for three-part
women’s choir and organ, is a bit stiffer and more strictly homophonic; it
was in fact originally intended as the second of the Op. 39 motets.
The Vespers responsory Adspice domine is written for the unusual combination
of men’s choir, cello and double bass; this results in some wonderful dark
textures allied to nicely fluid Bachian structure.
The two sacred male voice choruses Op. 115 (Beati mortui, Perti
autem) are not complex. They are mainly homophonic, but nonetheless are
little gems.
Trauergesang and jauchszet dem Herrn alle Welt are both late
pieces. They are nice enough but seem very much gebrauchsmusik. They
are followed by the octet from Elijah, in its choral version, showing
what the mature Mendelssohn could really do. The disc finishes with another
little gem from the evening service, Herr sei gnadig.
As I have said, inevitably with such a project, there are pieces here where
you feel that a little more time in the studio would have been welcome. That
said, the standard of performance from the Chamber Choir of Europe is remarkably
high and you can listen to these discs with great pleasure. They are well
supported in the early discs by the Wurttembergische Philharmonie Reutlingen.
This set comes in a slimline box with a CD containing PDFs of a substantial
article about Mendelssohn’s sacred music alongside full texts and translations.
Whilst a lot of the music on this disc is creditable but hardly in the realm
of the masterpiece, the sheer variety shows that there was far more to Mendelssohn’s
sacred choral writing than his oratorios. In the mature masterpieces for unaccompanied
choir there are some gems which everyone will want to have in their collection.
Granted, you will certainly want to have these mature masterpieces such as
the Op. 69 and the Op. 78 motets recorded by one of the major choral ensembles.
On the other hand this disc provides a welcome overview of Mendelssohn’s sacred
music in some lively and engaging performances.
One should also be aware of the largely complementary Mendelssohn Die
großen Chorwerke box on EMI Classics 50999 09646421 and Brilliant’s own
4CD set of the two major oratorios (Hugill).
Robert Hugill
A welcome overview of Mendelssohn’s sacred music in lively and engaging performances.
see also reviews of previous releases of this set by Michael Cookson and Terry Barfoot
Track listing
Psalm 42 Wie der Hirsch schreit, Op. 42, (1837) [21.41]
Psalm 95 Kommt, last
uns anbeten Op. 46 (1838) [22.31]
Psalm 98 Singet dem Herrn Op. 91 (1843)
[7.10]
Psalm 114 Da Israel Aus Aegypten zog Op. 51 (1839) [12.44]
Psalm
115 Non nobis Domine Op. 31 (1830) [16.27]
Chorale Cantata No. 1 Ach Gott,
von Himmel sieh darein (1832) [11.44]
Chorale Cantata No. 2 Christe, du Lamm
Gottes (1827) [6.24]
Chorale Cantata No. 3 Jesu, meine Freude (1828) [6.25]
Chorale Cantata No. 4 O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden (1830) [13.16]
Chorale
Cantata No.5 Verleih uns Frieden (1830) [4.18]
Chorale Cantata No.6 Von Himmel
hoch (1831) [14.14]
Chorale Cantata No.7 Wer nur den lieben Gott lasst walten
(1829) [9.44]
Chorale Cantata No.8 Wir Glauben all an einen Gott (1831) [12.46]
Hymn, 3 Sacred Songs and Fugue Op. 96 (1843) [24.10]
Kyrie in D minor (1825)
[10.24]
Lauda Sion Op. 73 (1846) [26.24]
Tue s Petrus Op. 111 (1827) [6.27]
Magnificat (1822) [29.49]
Gloria (1822) [31.21]
6 Anthems Op. 79 (1846)
[11.20]
Hora est (1828) [8.46]
Te Deum a 4 (1832) [8.38]
Ave Maria, Op.
23 (1832) [7.58]
Te Deum a 8 (1826) [34.43]
The German Liturgy (1846) [7.01]
Aus tiefer Not, Op. 23 (1830) [12.42]
Mitten wir im Leben sind (1830) [7.39]
Jesus, meine Zuversicht (1824) [10.17]
3 Motets Op. 69 (1847) [21.50]
3
Psalms Op. 78 (1849) [19.44]
Choralharmonisierungen (1843) [10.25]
Kyrie
in C (1823) [12.18]
Jube Domine (1822) [6.20]
Cantique pour l’Eglise Wallone
de Francfort (1846) [1.34]
2 English Psalms (1839) [5.24]
7 Psalms (1843)
[6.53]
13 Psalm Motets (1821) [35.24]
Veni Domine Op. 39 (1830) [3.47]
Laudate Pueri Op. 39 (1837) [5.45]
Surrexit pastor bonus (1830) [7.36]
Hebe
deine Augen auf (from Elijah) [1.48]
O beata et benedicta (1830) [3.00]
Vespergesang ‘Adspice domine’ Op. 121 (1830) [11.22]
Zwei Geistliche Mannerchore
Op. 115 (1833) [5.45]
Trauergesang Op. 116 (1845) [3.56]
Jauchzet dem Herrn
alle Welt (1844) [4.20]
Denn er hat seinen Englen (1844) [3.14]
Zum Abensegen
‘Herr sei gnadig’ [2.27]