Gustav HOLST (1874-1934)
Walt Whitman Overture, Op.7, H42 (1899) [7:21]
Symphony in F major, Op.8, H47, The Cotswolds (1899-1900) [23:11]
A Winter Idyll, H31 (1897) [9:01]
Japanese Suite, Op.33, H126 (1915) [10:17]
Indra - Symphonic Poem, Op.13, H66 (1903) [15:46]
Ulster Orchestra/JoAnn Falleta
rec. Ulster Hall, Belfast, UK, 11-12 October 2011
NAXOS 8.572914 [65:55]
Many years ago I recall talking to a lady at the Glasgow Promenade Concerts.
We had just heard a fine performance of the ubiquitous The Planets.
She suggested to me that it was unfortunate that there was not more music
like this in the composer’s catalogue. And I think at that time that
she was right. Over the years, many listeners must have approached some of
Holst’s more ‘neo-classical’ works such as the Fugal
Overture or the Double Concerto or even Egdon Heath and felt a
little disappointment that they seemed to be written in a completely different
musical language to the best known work. The present CD to a large extent
remedies this deficiency. I am not suggesting that these piece are in way
‘better’ than The Planets - however at least some of them
provide the listener with the ‘romance’ and the ‘Wagnerian’
power of the masterpiece that often seem to be missing in the later works.
I have never liked the Walt Whitman Overture since first hearing it
on the ClassicO CD (CLASSCD284)
with the Münchner Symphoniker conducted by Douglas Bostock. I cannot
really put my finger on the problem.
The Overture was composed in 1899: some seven years after the great American
poet had died. Listeners will know that at that time Whitman had been ‘discovered’
by British composers including RVW whose Towards the Unknown Region,
and Sea Symphony used texts derived from the poet’s Leaves
of Grass. Holst himself would later compose The Mystic Trumpeter
and the Dirge for Two Veterans based on Whitman’s poems.
The Overture is fairly and squarely composed in a Germanic style with a huge
hat tip to Wagner. It just seems a little overblown for my taste - I think
perhaps because it tends to play down the mystical side of the poet’s
work. Yet it is an exciting piece that deserves an occasional airing at orchestral
concerts.
The Cotswolds Symphony was a work that I always wanted to hear. Yet,
I fear that I was a little disappointed when I heard it performed on the above-mentioned
ClassicO CD. I felt that it did not quite paint a musical picture of that
fair region of England.
Gustav Holst wrote the work on the cusp of the new century - between 1899
and 1900. It was completed at Skegness in Lincolnshire. At this time the composer
was a trombonist in the Carl Rosa Orchestra as well as the Scottish Orchestra.
The symphony was duly performed in 1902 by the enterprising Sir Dan Godfrey
and the Bournemouth Municipal Orchestra.
The work is written in four stylistically unbalanced movements and I think
that this spoils this work for me. The opening movement is somewhat rusticated
- with lots of allusions (if not direct quotes from) to English folk music.
It is a ‘march’ that fairly romps along.
The second movement is the deeply moving Elegy (In Memoriam William Morris).
This is a shadowy, unsmiling work that is funereal in its exposition. It is
conceived as a processional- with a massive climax in the middle section.
I am not a huge fan of Morris’s escapism; however there is nothing of
the daydream about this music. I guess that it can be used as a stand-alone.
Suggestions have been made that this is really the composer’s response
to the Boer War, rather than to Morris himself.
The equilibrium is wrenched back to lighter matters with the ‘scherzo’
which balances the ‘will o’ the wisp’ with a little ‘clod-hopping’.
It is a good essay in creating all the fun of the ‘fairground’.
There are a few moments of a serious nature. Lighter matters this movement
may represent, but this is not ‘light music’ in any commonly accepted
sense.
The ‘finale’ is a joy. It is a fusion of the world of folk-music
once again and of Johannes Brahms. Yet this is well-written and Lewis Foreman
has suggested that it has all the trappings of ‘a harvest hymn, a celebration
at the end of the country people’s annual cycle’. All in all it
is an interesting work, if somewhat lacking in unity.
A Winter Idyll is a short tone-poem composed in 1897 whilst the composer
was studying at the Royal College of Music. Imogen Holst has noted that her
father saw his musical training as running in a trajectory from Mendelssohn,
Grieg and Wagner. Certainly there are nods towards ‘Fingal’s Cave’
in this present work. She adds that Stanford’s influence is not too
far away from some of the pages. It is deliciously romantic and may or may
not suggest a winter scene to the listener. However, it is truly beautiful
music reflecting considerable skill and invention on Holst’s behalf.
The work was apparently never performed in the composer’s lifetime.
I have always felt that Holst’s Japanese Suite is one of the
‘forgotten gems’ of his opus. In many ways this romantic piece
sits well beside The Planets. It was composed during 1915 when the
composer had taken a break from the larger work. The impetus was a request
from the Japanese dancer, Michio Ito, who was performing at the Coliseum.
He wanted a work based on Japanese melodies. The story goes that Holst did
not know any so, the dancer whistled a selection.
The Japanese Suite has six-movement that consists of four dances preceded
by a prelude and an interlude at the suite’s midpoint. I agree with
Michael Kennedy who has suggested that this work does not sound particularly
oriental. If I were to characterise the piece I would suggest that it is very
definitely a spin-off from The Planets. Both ‘Venus’ and
‘Mercury’ are never too far away in mood and texture. Stravinsky
is another model - with The Rite of Spring and Petrushka.
It is not known whether the Suite was ever given in its intended form. However,
it received its first performance at a Proms Concert on 1 September 1919.
Holst developed his interest in Indian philosophy at the turn of the twentieth-century.
Keith Anderson suggests that this was perhaps through his father’s second
wife who was a theosophist. This interest resulted in a number of important
works including the well-known songs from the Rig Veda, the operas
Savitri and Sita and the present work Indra, Symphonic
Poem, Op. 13.
This impressive tone-poem was composed in 1903 and is based on the legend
of the Indian god of the heavens, of rain and storm and his conflict with
the demon Vritra. Vritra had been brought to life by the Brahman Tvashtri
to avenge the death of his son. The legend relates how the demon was eventually
defeated by Indra with the help of Vishnu. The drought that had been caused
by Vritra is finally ended - and as the rain falls the people rejoice.
What is most remarkable about this work is the sheer brilliance of the orchestration.
Imogen Holst noted the contrasts between the quieter sections and the more
‘bombastic’ music. It is a score that was certainly ahead of its
time - at least in British music. It can be listened to without reference
to the myth and can be seen as a contrast between cool, impressionistic music
and aggressive passages that are more Wagnerian or perhaps Straussian than
the music that Holst would come to write in later years. It is a stunning
work that does not deserve its obscurity. On a personal note it is one of
my favourite Holst scores.
The sound quality of this disc is excellent - as is expected from Naxos. The
Ulster Orchestra under their Principal Conductor JoAnn Falletta give an authoritative
account of these scores. I would have liked slightly more detailed liner notes.
Lewis Foreman’s for the ClassicO editions of the ‘Cotswolds’
Symphony are a model of their kind.
All of the works presented here have already been recorded in the past, either
on Lyrita under Sir Adrian Boult (review),
Nicholas Braithwaite (review)
or David Atherton (review)
and on ClassicO (review)
and Alto (review)
with Douglas Bostock.
It would be invidious to suggest which recording was ‘better’
than the other. Holst enthusiasts will demand this new CD to sit alongside
the earlier releases. It is encouraging that Naxos has chosen to record these
relatively rare, but extremely worthy pieces. This CD will appeal strongly
to all those people who long for more of the same when it comes to The
Planets … or at least music stylistically analogous to that work.
John France
These relatively rare but extremely worthy pieces will appeal strongly.
See also review by Paul Godfrey
Reviews of Holst recordings on Naxos