Heinrich Ignaz Franz VON BIBER (1644 - 1704)
Mensa Sonora, Battalia
Pars I in D [8:42]
Pars II in F [6:10]
Pars III in a minor [7:53]
Pars IV in B flat [8:57]
Pars V in E [6:16]
Pars VI in g minor [9:22]
Battalia in D* [8:49]
Baroque Band/Garry Clarke
rec. 9-10 June 2008, 9 November 2009*, Nichols Hall, Music Institute of Chicago,
Evanston, Ill., USA. DDD
CEDILLE RECORDS CDR 90000 116 [56:50]
The music of Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber is quite popular among string
ensembles and violinists, as the number of recordings in the catalogue proves.
That is understandable: his music is brilliant and technically demanding,
but also of considerable depth. This collection is a bit different. It’s
basically musical entertainment, and less virtuosic than most music by Biber.
That probably is the main reason these pieces are not often performed and
recorded.
In 1670 Biber entered the service of Prince-Archbishop Maximilian Gandolph
von Khüenburg. To him Biber dedicated his famous Mystery Sonatas
of 1676. But he also composed the collection Mensa sonora, meaning
"sounding table". This is music to be played during dinner, and that explains
why it is technically not very complicated. The use of the scordatura
technique, for instance, which is so prominent is Biber's oeuvre, is completely
absent here. In his dedication to the Prince-Archbishop Biber points out:
"The Sonorous Table, or Instrumental Table Music with the lively sound of
the violin [is] by no means painstakingly to spread upon your princely table
a rare banquet, like those of the glutton Apicius, nor to serve you with a
pearl beyond price, like the spendthrift Cleopatra, but to tender in all dutifulness
the noble jewel of homophony, concordant with obedient and humble veneration''.
The collection consists of six suites, each called Pars, with five
to seven movements. Pars I, IV and VI begin with a sonata and end with
a sonatina, Pars II and V open with an intrada. As with most
baroque suites they contain dances such as allemande, courante and sarabande.
But there is little French in these suites; they lean much more on the Italian
style. In addition there are movements like balletto, aria, trezza and retirada
- the latter typical of music of the South-German/Austrian region. Pars III
and VI also include a ciacona.
The scoring is violin, two violas and bass. These suites are mostly played
with one instrument per part, but Garry Clarke argues that they can be played
by a larger ensemble which is exactly what the Baroque Band is doing here.
It plays with nine violins, two violas, two cellos, bass and harpsichord.
I find this practice questionable and the arguments in its favour not very
convincing. One of them is that when a larger band is playing there is a chance
that the archbishop may have heard "at least some of the music over the din
of the meal". This suggests the music was played while the archbishop and
his guests were eating, but it is equally possible - and maybe even more likely
- that the music was played between the various courses of the meal.
In addition, the fact that Biber has written just one violin part and two
viola parts suggests that the violin was to be played by a soloist. This is
supported by the dedication just quoted in which Biber refers to 'violin'.
In this recording the proportion between the violin part and the two viola
parts has been turned upside down. Musically the performance with a larger
ensemble is also unsatisfying. The various episodes in the rather short dances
have to be repeated. The repeats require ornamentation, but in a performance
with a large ensemble that is impossible.
That is one of the reasons these performances are not very compelling. And
I am being polite. Biber is one of my favourite composers, and I never miss
a chance to hear a new recording of his music. But I was bored to death while
listening to these suites. Some movements come off relatively well, in particular
some balletti. But in general the string playing is not very colourful and
dynamically too flat. This music needs a truly speech-like and gestural interpretation,
and that is what is missing here.
In addition we hear one of Biber's most famous pictorial compositions, the
Battalia in D. In eight movements Biber depicts a battle, and he has
given precise instructions in regard to the interpretation. Even this piece
isn't really engaging. The various effects Biber has included are rather lame.
Playing a long note at the end of the seventh movement, The Battle, is simply
a misjudgement. And in the last movement the dissonant notes expressing the
lament of the wounded soldiers are too feeble.
If you want a really good performance of Biber's Mensa sonora, look
for the recording of Musica Antiqua Köln (Archiv), which should still
be available. On another disc they also have recorded the Battalia.
Johan van Veen
Questionable scoring and flat performance mean that Biber's table music doesn't
come at all well.