Antonio CESTI (1623 - 1669)
Le disgrazie d'Amore - dramma giocosomorale in 3 acts
Cristiana Arcari (soprano) - Allegria; Elena Cecchi Fedi (soprano) - Amicizia;
Paolo Lopez (male soprano) - Amore; Maria Grazia Schiavo (soprano) - Venere;
Gabriella Martellacci (alto) - Adulazione; Francesco Ghelardini (counter-tenor)
- Cortigiano; Martin Oro (counter-tenor) - Avarizia; Anicio Zorzi Giustiniani
(tenor) - Amante; Carlos Natale (tenor) - Inganno; Furio Zanasi (baritone)
- Vulcano; Antonio Abete (bass) - Bronte; Luigi De Donato (bass) - Piragmo;
Enea Sorini (bass) - Sterope
Auser Musici/Carlo Ipata
rec. 9-15 February 2009, Villa Agostini della Seta, Corliano, San Giuliano
Terme, Pisa, Italy. DDD
HYPERION CDA67771/2 [76:51 + 77:43]
Opera was one of the main musical genres in 17th-century Italy. A large number
of operas were composed, and only a small number of them are performed today.
The best-known composers are Monteverdi and Cavalli, both mainly working in
Venice. Antonio Cesti is a less familiar name, but in his time he was much
admired. One of his operas is still mentioned in history books: Il pomo
d'oro, a work of Wagnerian proportions.
Although Cesti is mainly associated with Venice, he worked also in Florence,
Vienna and Innsbruck. He was born in Arezzo and received his first musical
education as a choirboy in Arezzo Cathedral. He furthered his skills in Rome,
where he was a pupil of, among others, Carissimi. Although he was ordained
priest he acted as a singer, actor and composer. He also worked as maestro
di cappella of Volterra Cathedral for a while. He has left a very small
number of sacred compositions, though.
The bulk of his oeuvre contains secular cantatas and operas. Le disgrazie
d'Amore dates from 1667, when Cesti was active as vice-Kapellmeister
at the imperial court in Vienna. This opera is called a dramma giocosomorale,
translated in the booklet as a 'moralizing comic opera'. Cesti was especially
noteworthy for his portrayal of comic characters, and this opera is full of
them. The subject is of a mythological nature, as the characters in the heading
show. But unlike other operas, where the gods are portrayed in their superiority,
here the librettist Francesco Sbarra aims at mocking the pagan deities and
the morally reprehensible excesses caused by amorous passion: "Just as,
by introducing to this comic drama some of the false gods of the pagans, I
have had no other purpose but to deride their folly". This was partly
an answer to the criticism raised in several writings of the time about the
immorality of the Venetian musical dramas.
The story is about Cupid (Amore), son of Venus (Venere). The latter laments
the fact that she was forced to marry Vulcan (Vulcano), blacksmith of the
Olympian gods, who is also deeply unhappy about their marriage. They consider
Cupid the cause of their fate and treat him badly, but he bites Vulcan's ear
and steals Venus's beauty case, making a mockery of what she needs to look
pretty. "Moon oil, powdered marcasite, and talcum powder, arsenic, antimony
and sublimate; no wonder, then, if feminine beauty, cruel, perfidious and
evil, will always cause a thousand ills, since it relies on damnable, deadly
poisons". He flies and Vulcan and Venus decide to chase him. Vulcan leaves
his forge to his employees, but they would rather drink and play games than
work: "I should want to work while the boss goes on holiday? Steropes,
if you believe that you are an idiot".
Flattery (Adulazione) and Deceit (Inganno) try to catch birds, but instead
they catch Cupid. He is appalled that they want to sell him, but they initiate
him to the real world: "That's how it goes; today everything's for sale,
and those who spend can have it all. (...) Whatever is desired, titles, dignity,
mercy, favours, homage, affection, and trust, it must all be bought".
Cupid escapes them, and goes to an inn, owned by Avarice (Avarizia). He is
followed by Flattery and Deceit, disguised as a charlatan and a gipsy. "With
a change of clothes one's real identity can be hidden. Thus any Tom, Dick
and Harry can, with simple people, pass as Seneca or Plato".
They succeed in capturing Cupid again, but then Vulcan and Venus see him and
buy his freedom. The true identity of Deceit and Flattery is revealed. The
latter gets away with it as a courtier (Cortigiano) seeks his help to further
his career: "Come with me (...) for with you to help me I can forge a
bright future for myself at court".
Cupid asks Friendship (Amicizia), who initially helped him to stay away from
his persecutors, to reconcile Vulcan and Venus. He agrees, "for where
there is such disparity of age between husband and wife, though they spend
all their time together only the affection of Friendship, not Love can mediate".
One may assume the quotations given here reflect Sbarra's views on the state
of affairs in his time. In order to make his point he uses a number of allegorical
characters, but the deities are not any different. This is an opera without
a hero; not even Cupid's reputation remains intact. All characters are treacherous,
sneaky or at least naive.
Musically this is an interesting work as it shows the development into the
direction of a sharper differentiation between recitatives, ariosi and arias.
There are very few repeats in the arias, and whereas some arias have an instrumental
accompaniment others are with basso continuo alone, with instruments playing
the ritornelli. In addition there are some duets and ensembles. The opera
includes some balletti, for which - as in the performances of 1667
- instrumental pieces by Johann Heinrich Schmelzer are used. The instrumental
ensemble consists of two violins, two violas, recorder, shawm and dulcian.
In the basso continuo group we hear bass viol, cellos, harp, theorbo, harpsichord
and organ. In addition a consort of viols is used. Auser Musici plays very
well, with an excellent realisation of the basso continuo. The use of an organ
is somewhat questionable, whereas the harp is a welcome addition.
The singing is at an overall very good level. The star of the show is the
male soprano Paolo Lopez. I haven't heard many male sopranos who are really
good, but Lopez is. He doesn't sound stressed, and his coloraturas come off
well. He also gives a very good account of his role. The baritone Furio Zanasi
is excellent as the down-to-earth and somewhat simple-minded Vulcan. Martin
Oro portrays Avarice convincingly, and Gabriella Martellacci and Carlos Natale
make a good duo as Flattery and Deceit. Maria Grazia Schiavo does well as
Venus, but sometimes I missed some sharp edges in her role. Friendship is
portrayed convincingly by Elena Cecchi Fedi. The smaller roles are well cast,
with Antonio Abete worth of being mentioned specifically.
I have really enjoyed this opera, both because of the music and because of
the performance. The booklet contains a well-written introduction, and there
is a second booklet with the libretto. As I don't understand Italian I can't
say if the translation by Avril Bardoni is correct, but it certainly captures
the character of the libretto very well. Just reading the translation is highly
entertaining.
For those who may have problems with the small letters in the booklet Hyperion
has done an excellent service: the booklets of many discs - including new
releases - can be downloaded in pdf-format from the Hyperion site.
Johan van Veen