Johann Sebastian BACH (1675-1750)
Organ Prelude: Gott, durch deine Güte, BWV 600 [1:00]
Christen, ätzet diesen Tag, BWV 63 [28:12]
Organ Prelude: Vom Himmel hoch, BWV 606 [0:42]
Congregational Chorale: Vom Himmel hoch [2:58]
Organ Prelude: Fuga sopra il Magnificat, BWV 733 [3:43]
Magnificat in E flat major, BWV 243a (with Christmas interpolations) [33:30]
Organ Prelude: Puer natus in Bethlehem, BWV 603 [1:36]
Congregational Chorale: Puer natus in Bethlehem [2:48]
Giovanni GABRIELI (1557-1612)
Hodie Christus natus est a8 [2:54]
Julia Doyle (soprano); Joanne Lunn (soprano); Clare Wilkinson (mezzo); Nicholas Mulroy (tenor); Matthew Brook (bass-baritone); John Butt and Stephen Farr (organ)
Dunedin Consort/John Butt
rec. 27-31 July 2014, Greyfriars Kirk, Edinburgh
German texts and English translations included
LINN CKD469 SACD [78:00]
In 2013 I gave a warm welcome to the Dunedin Consort’s excellent recording of Bach’s Johannes-Passion. Not only was the performance itself admirable but the release was all the more rewarding because John Butt presented the great Passion setting in the context of a conjectured service of Vespers as it might have been celebrated in Leipzig on Good Friday 1739. For this new recording of the Magnificat he’s adopted a similar approach, setting Bach’s great piece in the context of Christmas Day Vespers in the Nikolaikirche as the liturgy might have been presented in 1723.
As John Butt explains in his comprehensive and fascinating booklet essay, the service of Vespers on Christmas Day would have been a substantial one, including a full-length sermon – and bear in mind that the congregation would already have attended an even longer Morning Service. On an occasion such as this the liturgy would have followed the old Roman rite to some extent. Thus the Magnificat would have been sung in Latin. However, the psalms that are customarily recited or sung in the Roman Catholic liturgy would have been replaced by a cantata. In this case Bach used his cantata Christen, ätzet diesen Tag, probably composed for Christmas 1714 in Weimar. As Christmas 1723 was Bach’s first in Leipzig it has long been thought that he composed the resplendent Magnificat in E flat for that occasion. However, John Butt tells us that recent research suggests the piece was composed for a major Marian feast, the Visitation (2 July 1723), which fell within a few weeks of his arrival in Leipzig. Into the text of the Magnificat Bach injected four short additional movements – two in German and two in Latin – the texts of which are specific to Christmas. Naturally, these are included in the present performance. Butt also gives us a good flavour of the rest of the service by letting us hear some organ pieces and a couple of congregational chorales – for which some 55 guest singers have been drafted in. It was impossible to fit every last note of music onto one SACD so a couple of other tracks – a hymn and some sung prayers – are available as a free download from the Linn Records website.
Before discussing the performances it may be helpful to explain vocal the forces involved. The Gabrieli piece is performed by two four-part choirs – one voice to a part – with organ, cello and violone in support. Eight singers are used also for the cantata: the four soloists, reinforced by four ripienists in the choruses. The Magnificat calls for five voices so there are five soloists and an equal group of ripienists.
The liturgy opens with a short, sprightly Gabrieli motet. After that and a short organ prelude the festivities really begin in earnest. Christen, ätzet diesen Tag (‘Christians, etch this day’) is a lavish piece, requiring not only timpani and three oboes but a quartet of trumpets – the largest group of trumpeters that Bach ever deployed, I believe. The opening chorus is in the customary ABA form and the A sections are gloriously festal. As soon as you hear the wide-eyed eager enthusiasm with which the sopranos articulate the first word you can tell we’re in for something special and so it proves. The opening chorus shines, the articulation of singers and instrumentalists superb. My goodness, this movement must have made the Leipzig congregation sit up, any Christmas afternoon lethargy well and truly dispelled.
Clare Wilkinson has a slightly lean tone but she invests her recitative with fine expression. In the duet that follows Joanne Lunn’s appealing soprano blends well with Matthew Brook’s firm, warm voice. A word of praise, too, for the eloquent oboist who plays the obbligato in this duet; I presume he is Alex Bellamy. Nicholas Mulroy is next up, in a recitative. His voice is forthright rather than mellifluous and I’m not sure his timbre is ideally suited here. In the duet that follows his voice is a little too prominent against that of his partner, Clare Wilkinson. Matthew Brook’s timbre, however, is ideal for the hortatory bass recitative. In the concluding chorus there are passages of majestic splendour but in the quieter sections the use of just eight voices allows a good sense of intimacy. However, it’s the festive sections that make the greatest impact of all.
I thought it would be interesting to compare this splendid cantata performance with the one given by Sir John Eliot Gardiner and his Monteverdi Choir and English Baroque Soloists as part of their famous Bach Cantata Pilgrimage. They performed Cantata 63 in the Herderkirche, Weimar on Christmas Day 1999, right at the start of the Pilgrimage, and the splendid recording is included in Volume 18 of their cycle (review). Gardiner’s performance is very different in conception. Not only is it live but also it’s recorded with the performers rather more distant from the microphones than are Butt’s team – one has the sense of being seated in the nave of the church. Furthermore Gardiner uses larger forces. He has a choir of 19 (7/4/4/4) as well as his soloists and the orchestra numbers 29 – Butt has 16 players. Some of Gardiner’s speeds are a bit swifter than Butt’s. His female soloists – Claron McFadden and Bernarda Fink – are rather more lustrous in tone than Butt’s very good singers. The tenor, Christoph Genz, is lighter of timbre and sounds a bit more nimble than Nicholas Mulroy; Genz is better suited to this music, I think. Overall, both performances are excellent and they complement rather than challenge each other.
When it came to the Magnificat, which Butt performs in the E flat version I planned to compare him with the only other recording in that key which I have in my collection, namely a recording made in the late 1970s by Simon Preston and the Choir of Christchurch Cathedral, Oxford. However, quite early on I went to check a point against Gardiner’s 1983 recording of the D major version of the score, a revision which Bach made probably in 1733 (review). To my surprise both the Gardiner and Butt recordings are at the same pitch (Butt uses A = 392Hz). So Gardiner’s version became the logical comparator, though his performance doesn’t include the Christmas interpolations.
I’ve long admired the Gardiner, though I think one or two of his speeds are a bit on the challenging side. Again, Gardiner uses larger forces (a choir of 11/5/4/4) but such is the virtuosity of the Monteverdi Choir that even at the brisk speed set by Gardiner for the opening chorus they have no trouble in articulating it cleanly. The recording is rather more set back than Butt’s and this, allied to the smaller choral forces means that Bach’s magnificent choral part writing emerges with crystalline clarity. All of Butt’s soloists do very well – as do Gardiner’s. I especially enjoyed the gorgeous sound of Julia Doyle in ‘Quia respexit’. Oddly, I felt that Nicholas Mulroy and Clare Wilkinson are much better matched in ‘Et misericordia’ than was the case in the cantata. Mulroy has the swagger and vocal steel to make a fine impression in ‘Deposuit potentes’. It’s a brute of an aria which a good deal of highly demanding passage work. Anthony Rolfe-Johnson gives a similarly bravura account of it for Gardiner but the faster tempo adopted in that performance means that he doesn’t articulate quite as precisely as does Mulroy. In ‘Esurientes’ Butt uses recorders, which are specified in the E flat score, whereas the D major scoring is for a pair of flutes so Gardiner follows that requirement. Both pairs of instruments sound delightful but I think that Butt’s slightly more relaxed pace catches the pastoral mood better and Clare Wilkinson is delightful. Gardiner uses a male alto, Charles Brett.
Overall, while I still remain mightily impressed by the Gardiner I now think the Butt version is even more winning. It has more charm, relaxes a bit more at times and it yields nothing to Gardiner in terms of superb performance standards.
At the end of the Magnificat, sumptuously rendered by Butt and his team, we hear a short, majestic organ prelude before the stately hymn, robustly sung, brings proceedings to a close.
This is one of the most enjoyable and stimulating Bach discs to have come my way since … well, since John Butt’s account of the Johannes-Passion. The performance standards are uniformly excellent and the music is life-enhancing. That said, I also admire greatly the scholarship, lightly worn, that has gone into the preparation of this project, which is most imaginatively conceived. When you factor in also a fine, clear recording, engineered by Philip Hobbs and Robert Cammidge, as well as scholarly and eminently readable notes by John Butt this is a compelling package for Bach collectors. Thinking back to the uplifting sounds I’ve heard in John Butt’s jubilant rendition of the opening movement of BWV 63, I’m in no doubt that I shall be listening to this superb disc at some stage on Christmas morning.
John Quinn
