The music of Brahms has elicited two very distinct approaches:
either, he is seen as a Classical composer writing in the romantic era, or a
Romantic composer who acknowledges the past. This impacts on performances of
his music, and specifically in this instance, his two great piano concertos,
in speed. Those disposed to the Classical view proceed at a significantly
faster pace in all movements than do those of the Romantic leaning.
The two most acclaimed recordings of the pair of concertos are those
of the Classically-inclined Leon Fleisher (Cleveland Orchestra/George Szell)
and the Romantic Emil Gilels (Berlin Philharmonic/Eugen Jochum). A
comparative review of the two was undertaken by Michael Cookson - you can
read his conclusions
here.
Movement timings are never the only criteria for comparison, but in
this case, they do tell the story quite well.
|
|
I
|
II
|
III
|
IV
|
Total
|
|
Fleisher 1
|
21.19
|
14.35
|
10.53
|
n/a
|
46.37
|
|
Gilels 1
|
24.11
|
14.46
|
12.41
|
n/a
|
51.38
|
|
Fleisher 2
|
17.01
|
8.32
|
12.54
|
8.56
|
47.23
|
|
Gilels 2
|
18.21
|
9.31
|
14.07
|
9.53
|
51.52
|
Most pianists who have recorded both concertos will have both under
48 minutes or above 50 (please don’t write in with the exceptions - I
did use the word “most”). If you glance back at the disc
details, you will see which side of the fence Hélène Grimaud
is on; I think for the sake of this generalisation that we can overlook the
few seconds that her D minor is short of 50 minutes. Hers is very much in
the Gilels mould, despite Leon Fleisher being one of her teachers.
I should declare my preference before we proceed further. Those of
you who prefer the Classical approach may wish to click the Back button on
your browser now: the Gilels recordings would be among my Desert Island
discs.
Two curious observations about the recordings of the concertos have
emerged in researching this review. Firstly, the Brahms concertos are rarely
recorded by women. ArkivMusic lists more than 70 pianists having recorded
the B flat, but only six of them are women, Martha Argerich, Mitsuko Uchida
and Angela Hewitt not being among them.
Secondly, for such staples of the repertoire, the small number of
outings since the turn of the century is quite surprising. The immediate
predecessor to the recording under consideration seems to be Nicholas
Angelich in 2010, and before him, we need to go back to 2007.
Despite the gender discrepancy, this is Ms Grimaud’s second
recording of the D minor concerto, the first being early in her career: 1998
with Kurt Sanderling and the Berlin Staatskapelle. Remarkably, the timing of
the first movement in both recordings is identical to the very second at
23:50.
So to the performances, which, judged on their own merits, are
outstanding: by turns, majestic, passionate, tender and dramatic. However,
it is inevitable that they must also be compared to those of Gilels, and
they hold their own very well, without ever reaching quite those exalted
heights.
I don’t intend to analyse each movement of each work, but let
me comment on a few points that I see as key to success.
The first movement of the D minor is marked
maestoso, and I
feel that the “Classical” interpretations tend to treat it more
as
allegro non troppo, missing the majesty implied in the tempo
marking. Grimaud, at just 20 seconds faster than Gilels, gives the glorious
themes the chance to sing, whilst providing the dramatic flourishes when
required. The quiet moments before the final climax are not as poetic as
Gilels, and the virtuoso runs which end the movement may lack the
Russian’s power, but have a greater clarity.
In the rondo finale of the D minor, I feel that Grimaud even outdoes
Gilels - I feel like I’m committing heresy in writing this - in
providing a little more forward impetus, while still respecting the
non
troppo modifier on the
allegro. The double bass and cello
chugging motif towards the end in conjunction with the horns, is quite
magical, and her surge to the final climax is magnificent.
If the Gilels recordings would be on my desert island with me, the B
flat concerto is my Desert Island concerto, and I’ve never heard a
performance that comes anywhere near Gilels. I’m not going to say
“until now” as Grimaud lags some distance behind, but she
certainly is a respectable runner-up.
My litmus test is the second movement, marked
allegro
appassionato, and for me, the Classical interpretations over-emphasise
the allegro and tend to lose the passion. The contrast between Fleisher (or
Kovacevich) and Gilels and Grimaud is evident from the start. The former
charge into the opening bars without giving them a chance to breathe, the
latter build up the intensity as they progress into the movement. The
intense upsurge in the middle of the movement in the Gilels is one of the
sublime moments in all music. Grimaud and Nelsons cannot match it in power
or passion, but then, no one can.
Grimaud’s slow movement is the highlight of the whole
recording, and her one point of discrepancy with Gilels in terms of tempo,
her timing being close to that of Fleisher and Kovacevich. There is such
poetry and rapture in her interpretation.
The orchestral playing and direction, so crucial in these works, is
exemplary as would be expected from two of the world’s great
orchestras and one of the new generation of fine conductors.
The D minor concerto is a live recording - there is applause at the
end after a brief pause - but that is the only sound from the audience; the
good folk of Munich were certainly on their best behaviour that evening. The
B flat is a “studio” recording in the Vienna Musikverein.
It’s hard to know what purpose is served by the single waltz
at the end, especially as it appears only on the download version of the
recording, which is what I listened to. I listened to this as a download
(320 kbs mp3), and the sound quality was good, but not exceptional in the
case of the live D minor. No booklet was provided by my source (Bigpond
Music Australia), though it is available, I note, through iTunes. The label
website for the album appears to provide the booklet, and if that is the
case, not having it is no loss.
I thought long and hard about whether I would award this Recording
of the Month status, eventually deciding that I must judge the recording on
its own merits first, where it stands proudly above all others …
except one.
David Barker
Masterwork Index: Brahms
Piano concerto 1 ~~
Concerto 2
