British Opera Overtures
Julius BENEDICT (1804-1885)
The Lily of Killarney (1862) [8.43]
John BARNETT (1802-1890)
The Mountain Sylph (1834) [7.27]
Michael William BALFE (1808-1870)
The Siege of Rochelle (1835) [9.24]
Le Puits D’Amour (1843) [9.34]
Edward LODER (1809-1865)
The Night Dancers (1846) [6.49]
William Vincent WALLACE (1812-1865)
Lurline (1860) [8.22]
The Amber Witch (1861) [5.59]
Love’s Triumph - prelude (1862) [3.52]
George Alexander MacFARREN (1813-1887)
She Stoops to Conquer (1864) [5.56]
Arthur Goring THOMAS (1850-1892)
The Golden Web (1893) [8.28]
Victorian Opera Orchestra/Richard Bonynge
rec. Urmston Grammar School, Manchester, 16-17 July 2011. DDD
SOMM RECORDINGS SOMM0123 [74.36]
This is an exciting and innovative CD.
Three things need to be said. Firstly, this new SOMM issue drives yet another
nail into the still-held adage that Victorian Great Britain was a ‘land
without music’. From first note to last, these ten overtures display
interest, character and downright tunefulness. Granted that these ‘discoveries’
do not showcase music of the stature of a Berlioz, a Weber or a Mendelssohn
but there is nothing here that is unworthy of anything being composed in the
mid to late nineteenth century. Note the word ‘opera’ in the CD
title: these overtures are from ‘grand’ operas and are not operettas,
burlesques or ballad operas. They need to be approached in that light.
Secondly, I do not intend to give a detailed history of the life and work
of the seven composers represented here save to say that all of them are in
the ‘forgotten’ category. Furthermore, it would be a brave person
who would automatically declare that they were all ‘lost geniuses’
on the strength of these recordings. What can be said is the every one of
them deserves re-evaluation. On the face of it, most opera lovers will be
au fait with the name Michael William Balfe who is best remembered
for one stage work or possibly just two songs: the opera The Bohemian Girl,
Killarney and Come into the Garden Maud respectively. Enthusiasts
of British music may have recently heard Julius Benedict’s two piano
concertos on Hyperion,
many of William Vincent Wallace’s piano pieces on Naxos
or George Alexander Macfarren’s fine opera Robin
Hood and the 4th and 7th Symphonies on CPO 999
433-2. Nonetheless, I imagine that for all but the most committed aficionados
of Victorian music the names of John Barnett, Edward Loder and Arthur Goring
Thomas will be simply that - names.
Thirdly, I do not propose to discuss the ‘plots’ of the ten operas
represented on this CD. The liner-notes give sufficient information on this
score.
However, a thumbnail sketch of the period and the genre may be of some help.
Most readers will be knowledgeable about the German and Italian operas of
Wagner, Donizetti, Verdi and Rossini. The stage-works of UK-grown talent may
be a little more obscure. In many ways the attitude of opera-lovers today
is similar to that of 150 years ago. For most, serious opera means/meant Italian
opera - with German, French, Russian and Peter Grimes having gained
a secure foothold in the intervening years. In the early to mid nineteenth
century, Covent Garden staged virtually nothing but Italian opera: German
and French productions were sometimes even translated into Italian for ‘convenience’.
Opera producers were not always faithful to the score either, with interpolation
of ‘original’ music by the conductor being largely accepted, if
not expected. Ernest Walker notes that at that the time of Henry Bishop (1786-1855)
‘opera had been a sort of third-rate theatrical medley, totally devoid
alike of art and of sense’. Things could only get better, although I
imagine that one day Bishop himself will be re-evaluated. The lighter operas
of Balfe, Wallace and Benedict had considerable successes; however it was
with John Barnett’s The Mountain Sylph (overture performed here)
that Britain could claim anything approaching ‘grand opera’. It
was at this time that composers began to produce works that that had some
claim to musical and dramatic continuity of interest and respectability of
stage effect.
The overtures presented on this disc cover a span of some sixty years so fall
into the era of early and late Victorian. The earliest is Barnett’s
The Mountain Sylph with ‘book’ by Thackeray and the latest
is Arthur Goring Thomas’ The Golden Web dating from 1893. Only
this last named work was written after the massive achievement of Gilbert
and Sullivan.
I enjoyed virtually every work on this CD. I would suggest that the Edwardian
music historian Ernest Walker’s dismissal of most of this music as being
‘… artistically … not worth a moment's consideration, the
tunes are empty beyond expression, and there is not a particle of any workmanship
to carry them off …’ is fundamentally disproved by this collection
of overtures. His further consideration that ‘… it is all artistically
dead beyond the very faintest hope of resurrection; and we need not feel any
cause for lament’, seems untenable.
What does this music sound like? It is an unwise question to ask, and an even
more difficult one to answer. Each of these composers had their own voice.
However, we know so little of their work that generalisations are inevitable.
The prevailing mood in all this music suggests Rossini, Weber, Auber and to
a certain extent anticipated Sullivan at his more ‘serious’. I
guess that ‘enjoyable’ is a better adjective to describe the effect
of this music than ‘challenging’. There is nothing here to cause
unease but plenty to give pleasure and delight. This is all good music: it
is by no means ‘great’ music, although there are moments when
the composer seems to approach genius. John Barnett’s The Mountain
Sylph is a good example. None of this is a problem. Indeed, not every
bar of every opera by Verdi or Wagner is ‘great’ music.
This CD is a fine production. The sound recording is always clear and well-balanced.
The Victorian Opera Orchestra is made up of players from around the North
West of England. Their president and guest conductor is Richard Bonynge who
is an acknowledged expert in Victorian opera: he has made a large number of
ballet and operatic recordings over the years. Orchestra and maestro take
each of these overtures seriously and their playing is never overstated or
condescending. Victorian
Opera Northwest, the group which has overseen the project, is dedicated
to the promotion of ‘the excellent forgotten music of 19th century operas
by British and Irish composers’. They also produce scores and performing
editions of operas and overtures which are available for hire and include
a number of the works recorded on this CD.
The liner-notes form a good essay on Victorian opera and ought to be read
before exploring the music. The first section is a brief overview of ‘The
English Opera movement’ in the nineteenth century. This is followed
by a detailed discussion of each opera and its overture.
The booklet features a number of stunning music covers of ‘overtures
and popular Dance Selections from the operas’ by courtesy of the Richard
Bonynge Archives. The impressive cover photograph is of Covent Garden circa
1850.
This outstanding CD is an important link in the rediscovery and re-evaluation
of a generation of operatic tradition that has been largely ignored, if not
quite lost. It is a rediscovery that I would never have guessed would have
occurred when I first began to read about British Music in the early nineteen-seventies.
However, there is much to be done. Not everything can be performed. Michael
Balfe wrote more than two dozen operas. Not all of them can be revived and
no doubt not all of them deserve the complex ‘archaeological digging’
required to present them in a costume or concert version for our age. However
a sterling start has been made: witness the recent recording of Macfarren’s
Robin Hood on Naxos
and Wallace’s Lurline
and Balfe’s The
Maid of Artois by Victorian Opera Northwest. Most of Arthur Sullivan’s
operas (as opposed to the G&S collaborations) are now available on CD.
Recently a new book has been published by Dr. Andrew Lamb about William
Vincent Wallace (Fullers Wood Press, 2012).
There is much to be done, however it is good that a solid start has been made.
There are plenty of operas and composers to explore. Let us hope that this
work continues with alacrity.
John France
Interest, character and downright tunefulness.
Footnote
The track listing in the booklet gives the date for Wallace's Love's Triumph
as 1864, while the booklet notes say 1862, which is correct. The London Standard
for Saturday 15 November 1862 announces the first performance of Wallace’s
new opera Love’s Triumph on that evening at Covent Garden.
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