British Song
Peter DICKINSON (b.1934)
Surrealist Landscape (1973) [9:49]
Jonathan HARVEY (b.1939)
Correspondances (1975) [17:19]
Lennox BERKELEY (1903-1989)
Chinese songs Op.76 (1971) [10:05]
Gordon CROSSE (b.1937)
The New World (1969) [20:45]
Peter DICKINSON
Extravaganzas (1963/69) [6:15]
Elisabeth LUTYENS (1906-1983)
Stevie Smith Songs (1948-53) [13:10]
Meriel Dickinson (mezzo); Peter Dickinson (piano)
rec. 18 March 1974, Conway Hall, London (Berkeley, Crosse, Dickinson ‘Extravaganzas’);
14 October 1978, Rosslyn Hill Unitarian Chapel, Hampstead (Dickinson ‘Surrealist’,
Harvey and Lutyens). ADD
HERITAGE HTGCD240 [77:45]
This CD gets off to a fantastic start with Peter Dickinson’s setting
of the enigmatic Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson’s (Lord Berners’)
equally enigmatic Surrealist Landscape. This poem was dedicated to
Salvador Dali. As my late father would have said, both poem and song are a
little bit ‘long-haired’. However, bearing in mind the eccentricities
of the poet and the dedicatee it could be little else. Dickinson has created
a soundscape to match the ‘landscape’. I do not know if copyright
allows me to quote more than a handful of words from the poem, but just three
short lines will give the flavour for most listeners - ‘And a Bicycle
Seat/ And a Plate of Raw Meat/ And a Thing that is hardly a Thing’.
Do not ask me to analyse the musical or verbal progress of this song in any
detail. However, the programme notes assure the listener that three strands
are active - a simple setting of Lord Berners’ poem in a style that
‘milord’ would have related to: this is recorded. Then the ‘live’
singer performs five vocalises, rather like improvisations, but precisely
noted against the recording. Finally, there is a piano part utilising slow
chords and plucked strings from inside the instrument. All of this is overlaid
one on top of the other. It sounds like a recipe for chaos; however, it sounds
great! Martin J. Anderson in a review in Tempo (December 1980) suggests
that this compositional process is both ‘affecting and a shade unnerving’.
It is a good description. Finally, it ought to be recalled that Peter Dickinson
is a great advocate of Lord Berners and has produced an important musical
study of that composer (see
also his article).
From this particular listener’s point of view, the hardest work to come
to terms with was Jonathan Harvey’s Correspondances (1975). These
are settings of four poems by the French poet Charles Baudelaire (1821-67).
The songs are separated by a number of interludes and fragments for solo piano.
The ‘novelty’ of this work is that it is left up to the performers
to decide in which particular order the songs are sung. Just let us hope that
pianist and singer agree before the recital! Harvey has intellectualised this
‘aleatory’ process by suggesting that it is ‘variable, just
as in Baudelaire new life may precede or succeed death, and life and death
are both contained in love…’ The ‘blurb’ in the Arkiv
CD catalogue states that Jonathan Harvey can be ‘thought of as an English
Stockhausen’. I would need to hear more of his music to decide if this
is a true or fair assessment. Certainly, based on the present offering, his
style seems to be more approachable than the German ‘meister’.
Much of this song-cycle is moving and often quite beautiful. Baudelaire’s
poetry has never been a favourite of mine: it is dark, ‘satanic’
and often depressing. However, as Paul Verlaine wrote, (Baudelaire’s
poetry represents) ‘powerfully and essentially modern man in all his
physical, psychological and moral complexity.’ He is a poet who transcends
the stylistic hiatus between ‘romanticism’ and ‘modernism’.
Harvey’s music is distinctly modern with its emphasis on symbol and
suggestion - however there is a strong infusion of the more romantic qualities
of emotion and straightforward musical statements. Whatever my personal tastes
are, there is no doubt that one is in the presence of a masterpiece with Correspondances.
I understand that this was Harvey’s first recorded piece.
I have never heard Lennox Berkeley’s Chinese Songs before. I
was completely impressed. They were commissioned by the Park Lane Group for
Meriel and Peter Dickinson and were first performed at the Purcell Room on
22 March 1971. There is a stylistic imbalance between the first four songs,
which are set in Berkeley’s then-contemporary style, and the last one,
which harks back to a simpler more diatonic mood. However, this seeming disparity
does not cause any disruption to the coherence of this beautiful, if melancholic,
cycle of five songs. The first three numbers consider the plight of separated
lovers whilst the final two address the issue of loneliness. It is a perfect
balance between the simplicity of the text, and the complexity of the emotions
that these words engender.
I have never been able to read any of Ted Hughes’ poetry without seeing
a dead sheep in my mind’s eye: it was something to do with one of the
images (page 42, opposite a poem entitled ‘The sheep went on being dead’)
in his book Remains of Elmet (1979). I guess that this somewhat morbid
image sums up the darkness of much of Hughes’ poetic output. However,
praise where praise is due: there is nothing of the rotting carcasses in these
poems set by Gordon Crosse in his excellent The New World: Six Poems
by Ted Hughes. In fact, these poems were written especially for the composer.
The liner-notes state that they have not been separately published without
the music - however, I have checked the Collected
Poems (2003) and discover that they are included there in the ‘Uncollected
(1971-1973)’ section. Additionally, there are some discrepancies between
the text in the book and those published in the liner-notes. For example,
‘When the star was on her face’ is given in the book and ‘When
the star was on her brow’ in the song. The track-listing gives ‘I
said goodbye to the earth’: the Collected Poems omits
the word ‘the’ as does the printed poem in the liner-notes. However,
the singer includes the word ‘the’! Not serious stuff, but it
makes one wonder if there was a new recension of these poems when they were
published.
There is depth to these words, and considerable bleakness, however, every
so often there is a flash of light - of hope. Appropriately, this work was
written in 1969 the year that man landed on the Moon.
I was very impressed by the music. As Peter Aston has noted, the composer
has managed to find a musical equivalent for every emotional nuance of the
text: Crosse has created a magical sound-world that truly complements the
poetry. Without a perusal of the score, it is impossible to analyse the form
of this cycle - however with just a couple of hearings it is clear that the
work is tightly knit. The musical texture at times feels Spartan. Nevertheless,
there are moments of considerable effusion and drama. This work is another
‘classic’ example of why Gordon Crosse should hold a far higher
place in the pantheon of British composers than has so far seems to have been
the case. ‘The New World’ was commissioned by Lord Dynevor and
is dedicated to Meriel and Peter Dickinson. The work was first performed at
the 1972 Three Choirs Festival in Worcester.
I guess everyone of a certain age has read Jack Kerouac’s On the
Road. Many people will have progressed to read other ‘Beat’
authors including the ‘visionary’ Allen Ginsberg and explored
(in a literary manner) the drug-fuelled universe of William S. Burroughs.
One of the poets closest to the heart of the movement was Geoffrey Nunzio
Corso (1930-2001). Kerouac wrote that he was ‘… a tough young
kid from the Lower East Side who rose like an angel over the roof tops and
sang Italian song as sweet as Caruso and Sinatra, but in words … amazing
and beautiful, Gregory Corso, the one and only Gregory, the Herald.’
Ginsberg, writing in Gregory Corso’s ‘chap-book’ Gasoline,
suggested that the reader ‘Open this book as you would a box of crazy
toys, take in your hands a refinement of beauty out of a destructive atmosphere.’
In June 1963, Peter Dickinson selected eight of these poems and created a
cycle called Extravaganzas for unaccompanied voice. Six years later
he added a piano part and the new version was duly performed by Meriel and
Peter Dickinson at the Purcell Rooms on 16 October 1969.
These songs are effective - their brevity is part of the charm. Dickinson
uses a variety of neo-jazz, popular and contemporary idioms to deliver these
attractive numbers; however, I am not convinced by the ‘American’
accent that is used in the delivery of these songs.
Ask a hundred ‘music-lovers’ for their opinion of Elisabeth Lutyens
and the words ‘scary’ will be mentioned by any that have come
across her music. I was put off her style by a performance of O Saisons,
O chateaux that I heard some forty years ago. I still recall feeling that
this was the most appalling music I had heard up to that time. Yet since then,
I have dug a bit deeper. For one thing, I discovered the delightful En
Voyage - a piece of real, quality ‘light music’. Then there
are the film scores. Who would have believed that ‘twelve tone Lizzie’,
who railed against the ‘cowpat’ school of compositions, would
have collaborated with that arch neo-Victorian John Betjeman in a somewhat
bucolic film depicting The Weald of Kent. There is also the gorgeous
‘Magnificat’, which is well within the bounds of Anglican Church
music, if a little modern for some ears. Therefore, it hardly came as a surprise
to discover that I thoroughly enjoyed the Stevie Smith Songs on this
CD.
The relationship between Elisabeth Lutyens and the poet Stevie Smith deserves
a major dissertation in its own right. However, it is fair to suggest that
they were friends and mutual admirers of each other’s art - up to a
point. The present set of poems are ‘cabaret songs’ - with no
pejorative comment intended. Nine of these ten numbers were composed in 1948
with the final song, ‘Be Off!’ completed in 1953. They were specially
written for Hedli Anderson, who was a well-known ‘chanteuse’.
Anderson had sung a number of Britten’s ‘cabaret’ songs
including the delightful and hackneyed ‘When you’re feeling like
expressing your affection’.
These present settings manage to capture the heart of Stevie Smith’s
poetry. There is an excellent balance between humour, simplicity and wistfulness.
They are essentially ‘light music’ and are easily approachable
by anyone who enjoys British song.
Meriel Dickinson graduated from the Royal Manchester College of Music and
had further studies in Vienna. She has devoted much time to the music of modern
and contemporary composers. As well as those represented on this CD, she has
worked with Berio, Boulez Britten, Cage, Copland. She has had works dedicated
to her by many composers including by Andrzej Panufnik and John McCabe. Another
aspect of her career is an interest in musicals: she has appeared in shows
by Sondheim, Bernstein, Ivor Novello and Vivian Ellis; the latter of Coronation
Scot fame.
I have already given a thumbnail
sketch of Peter Dickinson in my review of his complete solo organ works
released on Naxos. Stylistically, he explores a number of trajectories at
one and the same time. His music covers a wide range: ‘from jazz to
serialism and from aleatory writing to electronic manipulation and playback.’
Then there is ‘ragtime’ and the Americanisms of the Gregory Corso
settings on the present CD. Sometimes more than one of these elements is present
in the same work: to use an overwrought word, his style is truly eclectic.
Peter Dickinson’s partnership, as accompanist, with his sister Meriel
lasted for over thirty years.
The CD is well-packaged. The liner-otes are helpful for any listener approaching
these less-than-familiar works. The texts of the songs are included. However,
for non-French speakers and readers, the translations of the Charles Baudelaire
songs are presented on the record company’s web
page. The recording history of these pieces is a wee bit complex: the
sleeve-otes explain when each piece was first released and on what album or
CD. All the tracks have been engineered to give perfect reproduction.
Typically, I enjoyed this CD. I concede that the musical style of these songs
is often a little removed from my usual comfort zone (Orr, Finzi, Moeran and
brethren). However, British art song did not die with those above-named nor
even with Benjamin Britten. The tradition lives on as is evidenced by all
of the pieces on this CD.
John France
British art song tradition lives on as evidenced by the pieces on this CD.