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Muzio CLEMENTI (1752-1832)
The Complete Sonatas

Volume 4 - London Sonatas II
CD 1
Sonata in E flat, Op. 23 No. 1 [10:20]
Sonata in F, Op. 23 No. 2 [17:11]
Sonata in E flat, Op. 23 No. 3 [13:00]
Sonata in C, Op. 25 No. 1 [15:29]
Sonata in G, Op. 25, No. 2 [9:27]
CD 2
Sonata in B flat, Op. 25 No. 3 [10:25]
Sonata in A, Op. 25 No. 4 [16:32]
Sonata in f sharp minor, Op. 25 No. 5 [18:09]
Sonata in D, Op. 25 No. 6 [12:09]
Piano Sonata in F, WoO3 [9:25]
CD 3
Mr.Collicks Minuet WoO5 [6:53]
Sonata in F, Op. 26 [15:33]
Sonata in A, Op. 33 No. 1 [10:02]
Sonata in F, Op. 33 No. 2 [9:48]
Sonata in C, Op. 33 No. 3 [20:31]
Constantino Mastroprimiano (Kirckman fortepiano, 1798, a'=430Hz)
rec. Doopsegezinde, Deventer, Netherlands, November 2008. DDD.
BRILLIANT CLASSICS 94024 [3 CDs: 65:27 + 66:40 + 62:47]

Volume 5 - London Sonatas III
CD 1
Sonata in C, Op. 34 No. 1 [19:20]
Sonata in g minor Op. 34 No. 2 [21:31]
Capriccio in A, Op. 34 No. 3 [8:15]
CD 2
Capriccio in F, Op. 34 No. 4 [10:30]
6 Progressive Piano Sonatinas, Op. 36 (complete)
No.1 in C [3:38]
No.2 in G [5:01]
No.3 in C [6:34]
No.4 in F [7:05]
No.5 in G [8:11]
No.6 in D [7:17]
CD 3
Sonata in C, Op. 37 No. 1 [17:59]
Sonata in G, Op. 37 No. 2 [17:06]
Sonata in D, Op. 37 No. 3 [14:59]
Constantino Mastroprimiano (Clementi Fortepiano, c.1828, a'=430Hz)
rec. Rome, 2009. DDD
BRILLIANT CLASSICS 94113 [3 CDs: 49:06 + 48:16 + 50:04]

Muzio CLEMENTI (1752–1832)
The Complete Piano Sonatas – 5
Sonata in C, Op. 34, No. 1 [18:31]
Sonata in g minor, Op. 34, No. 2 (1795) [21:57]
Six Progressive Sonatinas, Op. 36 (1797) [37:01]
Sonata in C, Op. 37, No. 1 [15:27]
Sonata in G, Op. 37, No. 2 [13:10]
Sonata in D, Op. 37, No. 3 [14:29]
Sonata in B flat, Op. 46 (1820) [25:43]
Howard Shelley (piano)
2 CDs for the price of one
rec. St Silas the Martyr, London, 6-9 October 2009. DDD
HYPERION CDA67814 [77:51 + 67:28]

The Complete Piano Sonatas – 6
Sonata in G, Op. 40 No. 1 (1802) [25:03]
Sonata in b minor, Op. 40 No. 2 [16:04]
Sonata in D, Op. 40 No. 3 [19:17]
Sonata in A, Op. 50 No. 1 (1821) [21:16]
Sonata in d minor, Op. 50 No. 2 [19:15]
Sonata in g minor, Op. 50 No. 3 [25:40]
Howard Shelley (piano)
2 CDs for the price of one
rec. St Silas the Martyr, London, 1-4 December 2009. DDD.
HYPERION CDA67819 [60:26 + 66:13]

This, belatedly, is one of a number of reviews which I was working on some months ago when my computer crashed. I was reminded of the importance of backing up regularly – I hadn’t. Fortunately I had kept a few notes and my friend Geoffrey Molyneux, who is in any case much more knowledgeable about keyboard instruments and how to play them came to the rescue with a detailed review (below). You’ll see that we don’t agree in all respects.

I started with two misconceptions: that Clementi’s music was interesting mainly in terms of technique and historical importance rather than content – that it was a slightly, but only slightly more interesting version of those endless Czerny Studies – and that there were not too many rival recordings to consider. I see that Geoff Molyneux also shared my first misconception; in the event we both enjoyed these recordings more than we expected. Now I wonder if slogging through all those Studies has prejudiced me unjustly against Czerny, too.

It’s not even the case that these are the only sets of complete recordings in progress or completed: there’s also one from Pietro Spada, with George Darden in the Duettinos on the Arts label – 17 single CDs. Nor do the Brilliant boxes offer the only period-instrument performances: there’s an interesting mid-price Divine Art Diversions reissue of Peter Katin playing some of the sonatas on a Clementi square piano. (DDA24113 – see review and review of original release on Athene.) Subscribers to the invaluable Naxos Music Library can listen to Spada and Katin there.

The Brilliant and Hyperion sets under consideration are all bargains in that the Brilliant boxes are on offer in the UK at around £8 each and the Hyperions offer two CDs for the price of one full-price disc, typically around £13. The Hyperion sets can also be downloaded from hyperion-records.co.uk in mp3 or lossless sound for £7.99. The Brilliant boxes are not available for download yet and are not likely to be much less expensive than the CDs if and when they are. Volume 5 of the Brilliant set is actually less of a bargain than it may seem: the content of the three CDs could easily have been accommodated on two, whereas all the Hyperion discs are well filled.

Clementi became a maker of fortepianos as well as composer, teacher – most notably of John Field, inventor of the Nocturne – and performer, so it’s especially significant that Volume 5 should be performed on an instrument of his own manufacture. Though a lover of period instruments in general, including the harpsichord, I have to confess to being somewhat averse to the sound of the fortepiano but I’m glad to make exceptions, as in the case of the series of recordings of Beethoven Piano Concertos with Arthur Schoonderwoerd and the Cristofori Ensemble on Alpha (ALPHA079, 122 and 155) which I’ve found to be a genuine revelation.

Thus, while the Kirckman instrument on Volume 4 does not much appeal to me, Clementi’s own on Volume 5 strikes me as a great improvement and proved no deterrent to my enjoyment of the music. In that respect Howard Shelley’s performances on a modern piano are less instructive, though excellent in their own right. You’ll find my reasons for generally preferring the Hyperion performances briefly enumerated in my August 2011/1 Download Roundup here. You’ll also find there my thoughts on a selection of Clementi sonatas performed by Nikolai Demidenko on a budget-price Hyperion Helios CD (CDH55227). The final volume of the Shelley series, the Capriccios and Variations, to which I referred there was duly released in September 2011, but I have not yet got round to listening to it.

Op.34/2 is generally acknowledged as one of the most striking of these sonatas, approaching at times the intensity of Haydn’s Sturm und Drang manner, perhaps because it seems originally to have been composed as a symphony. Mastroprimiano is a little faster than Shelley in all three movements; there isn’t much in it but the overall effect is of lightness and virtuosity. Shelley certainly matches the virtuosity but those extra few seconds throughout and the use of the modern grand piano make for greater intensity, his largo for the opening of the first movement is a touch more sostenuto and his following allegro has a degree more fuoco.

Tanya Bannister (piano) on Naxos 8.557443 takes 8:38 for the first movement of Op.34/2, faster than Shelley (8:48) or Mastroprimiano (8:39), while Pietro Spada (piano), at 9:19, turns in the longest account of the first movement of any that I have compared (Arts 47233-2). Far from making the opening largo come across as sostenuto, Spada makes it sound dragged out and his tempo for the rest of the movement is a little too slow to display real fire. Bannister offers a copy-book account of the printed music but, by comparison with the others sounds merely dutiful. I’m sure I’d have been happy with either Spada or Bannister heard alone – like David Blomenberg who thought Bannister overall highly competent and assured (see review) – but the comparison points the superiority of the Mastroprimiano and, especially, the Shelley recordings.

Both booklets contain helpful notes but those by Leon Plantigna for Hyperion are more detailed than and superior to Mastroprimiano’s own for Brilliant, apart from the illustration in the Brilliant Volume 5 booklet of Clementi’s improved hammer action. The Brilliant booklet and website incorrectly describe Op.34/2 as in G when it is actually in g minor.

Brian Wilson

***

One tends to think of Clementi as an important figure in the history of early piano manufacture, as a great keyboard virtuoso rivalling Mozart, and as a composer of pleasant little pieces for children to play. These sets of CDs of Clementi’s keyboard music make us think again. Much of his music does seem formulaic, if I dare say so, in a similar way to that of Vivaldi. These performances made me realise that there is much more to Clementi than that.

In Volume 4 Mastroprimiano uses a Kirckman fortepiano of 1798. This instrument is capable of much tonal variety and expression as exemplified in the second movement, Adagio, of Sonata Op. 23 No.2, which is beautifully played with appropriate rubato. In Op. 23 No.3, after the opening Allegro, the second movement is an air with variations. The simple theme is developed in a variety of ways, and Mastroprimiano makes excellent use of his instrument’s ability to vary tone colour and dynamics. Even in the final bars we hear a new sound with the concluding explosive chords.

Three of the six sonatas of Op. 25 have three movements, the others only two. Op. 25 No.1 in C begins with a vigorous movement, very difficult to play with the clarity achieved so tellingly by Mastroprimiano. In the second movement Adagio he produces a superb tone. The Rondo: Presto finale is played with brilliance and virtuosity, a very exciting performance. Mastroprimiano captures the charm and wit of the first movement of No.3, though the second movement does seem to me to be a rather trivial offering. No.4 in A has a more substantial opening movement, marked Maestoso e cantabile. It seems to look forward to early Romantic piano music with its filigree decorations, gentle chromaticism and cross-rhythms. Mastroprimiano plays with an appropriate sense of rubato.

Sonata No.5 in the minor key is a convincing work too, with its darker moods and a genuine sense of pathos in the Lento e patetico second movement. The ensuing Presto is rich in colour with its striking use of thirds. Whilst No.6 has an attractive Un poco andante, the following movement is a typical Clementi Rondo, somewhat uninspiring.

The Minuet a Tempo di Ballo is a charming set of five variations on a theme. The work demonstrates ever-increasing difficulty for the player, as well as giving a lesson in imaginative variation writing.

Perhaps the most important works in Volume 4 are the three sonatas Op. 33, composed in 1794. No.1 has two movements, the first of which is quite lengthy and inventive. After the A major beginning and bright character of the exposition, Mastroprimiano changes the mood convincingly as the development moves forward in a minor key. Now we feel we are hearing an early Romantic period work. A lively performance of the Presto finale follows. The first movement of No.2 begins with a poignant Adagio in a slow basic pulse, but the music soon erupts into rapid runs of demisemiquavers. The ensuing Allegro con fuoco is a piece with many unexpected twists and turns of harmony and phrasing. In this and the Presto second movement, there is much opportunity for Mastroprimiano to demonstrate his dazzling virtuosity. No.3 sounds very orchestral and may well be a transcribed piano concerto. Similarly, the two sonatas of Op. 34 in Vol.5 may be piano transcriptions of orchestral works. The second movement of Op. 33 No.3 is marked Adagio e cantabile con grand’espressione’, and Mastroprimiano plays it with due grandeur and eloquence.

In Volume 5 Mastroprimiano uses a Clementi fortepiano of 1828. The Sonata in G minor Op. 34 No.2 is a very fine work, reminding us of how Mozart used that key so effectively. The piece begins with a Largo e sostenuto which sets a tragic tone, and this is followed by an Allegro con fuoco which uses and develops the same motif, with much dissonance, chromaticism and counterpoint. In this movement maybe Howard Shelley’s modern instrument scores over Mastroprimiano’s version because of its ability to sustain the opening slow music. Howard Shelley plays this movement with appropriate bravura and subtle rubato. However Mastroprimiano also gives an excellent performance though today I have a preference for Shelley. The second movement, marked Un poco adagio is beautifully played by Mastroprimiano, but once again Shelley can produce a much more sustained tone on his modern piano albeit in a more romantic style. The final Molto allegro is played with appropriate virtuosity by both players. So if you still think of Clementi as a rather minor composer, have a listen to this. Definitely a piece worth getting to know, I would say!

The six sonatinas that comprise Op. 36 are pedagogical pieces, still used to great effect by teachers and their students today. They are tuneful, full of character and rhythmic vitality, and they serve their purpose admirably. In the first movement of Op. 36 No.1 Mastroprimiano’s instrument has an almost explosive quality in the staccato playing. He is not quite as fast as Howard Shelley on the modern piano, who discovers wit and humour in this movement. I like Shelley’s seemingly spontaneous ornamentation in the repeats in the second movement. In Op. 36 No.4, Shelley brings out the sadness and pathos in the Andante con espressione second movement in a quite slow performance. Mastroprimiano starts slowly gradually moving forward, but the mood is more of quiet contemplation. In the fast movements, his Clementi fortepiano is well able to cope with the clear articulation necessary, particularly at such high speeds. However we do hear a few characteristic twangs now and then which either add to the charm or irritate you depending on your reaction to the sound of these early keyboards.

Mastroprimiano plays the first movement of Op. 37 No.1 with beautiful tone and touch making subtle use of the new damper mechanism available on Clementi’s instruments. Shelley plays this movement, and many others, considerably faster than Mastroprimiano, and he displays stunning passagework with great variety in his articulation. However Mastroprimiano and his instrument give us a much clearer insight as to how these works may have sounded in Clementi’s day. They make Shelley’s performances seem very inauthentic and a little artificial, but maybe this is only an impression I get because I heard the Mastroprimiano first! In the finale of Op. 37 No.3, Mastroprimiano’s fractionally slower tempo allows more breathing space and greater clarity. His period instrument makes the special blurry effect of the ‘open pedal’ very telling. The tonic pedal below the main rondo theme sounds like bees buzzing around in a bag. The modern piano version seems a bit tame after that.

In many ways Clementi’s sonatas are more difficult to play than Mozart’s. Although Mozart had no time for Clementi, Beethoven greatly admired him and there is no doubt that Clementi had a great influence on the early Romantic composers. Clementi was interested in developing a real legato style of playing on his newly built keyboard instruments. Much of Clementi’s music is inspired, often beautiful, sometimes dramatic and frequently virtuosic. If I had to choose between the two versions I would go for the Mastroprimiano whose performances really show us how these pieces might have sounded in Clementi’s day, with great variety and clarity of texture and telling articulation. Shelley’s performances are also excellent, so buy these if you prefer the more romantic sound of the modern piano in these works.

Geoffrey Molyneux

Two recommendable series – take your pick between fortepiano and modern grand.

see also review of Hyperion v5 by Mark Sealey