Johann Joachim QUANTZ (1697 - 1773)
Flute Sonatas: No.272 in F (QV 1,93) [11:40]; No.273 in G (QV 1,109)
[11:25]; No.274 in A (QV 1,145) [11:27]; No.275 in B flat (QV 1,161) [10:09];
No.276 in c minor (QV 1,18) [08:17]; No.277 in D (QV 1,42) [10:02]
Verena Fischer (transverse flute); Klaus-Dieter Brandt (cello); Léon Berben
(harpsichord)
rec. 15-17 November 2006, small auditorium, Meistersingerhalle, Nuremberg,
Germany. DDD
NAXOS 8.557805 [63:28]
Johann Joachim Quantz is mainly known as a flautist as well as being the author
of one of the most important treatises of the 18th century. In fact his accomplishments
were much more extensive than that. He didn’t start out with the flute. One
could compare his musical education with that of a German 'Stadtpfeifer'.
One of the characteristics of the Stadtpfeifer involved learning to play several
instruments. That was also the case with Quantz: he was proficient on most
string instruments as well as the oboe and the trumpet. He also learnt to
play the keyboard. It was only logical that in 1716 he join the town band
in Dresden.
In the earliest stages of his career he played the oboe. Through various studies
he extended his horizon. He studied counterpoint with Jan Dismas Zelenka,
and became acquainted with the concertos of Vivaldi, which had a considerable
influence on his development as a composer. In 1719 he turned his attention
to the transverse flute and started to study with Pierre Gabriel Buffardin,
the star flautist of the court orchestra in Dresden. It was the orchestra's
violinist Johann Georg Pisendel who had the greatest influence on Quantz,
especially in his advocacy of the 'mixed taste' of Italian and French elements.
His meeting with the then Crown Prince Frederick II of Prussia in 1728 was
decisive. He made such an impression that he was asked to educate him in playing
the flute. When Frederick succeeded his father as king of Prussia, Quantz
had to provide him with music for his favoured instrument. The king played
frequently, and his appetite for flute music was insatiable. As a result Quantz
composed a large quantity of music: about 300 flute concertos, more than 40
trio sonatas, almost 200 solo sonatas as well as solos, duos and trios for
flute without accompaniment.
This disc offers six of the sonatas which have taken a special place in Quantz's
oeuvre. A number of these are in four movements, modelled after the Italian
sonata da camera or sonata da chiesa. Others are in three movements,
with the sequence: slow-fast-fast. The present sonatas, also in three movements,
follow the order fast-slow-fast. The assumption is that they were written
around 1750.
The programme notes quote a passage from his treatise Versuch einer Anweisung
die Flöte traversière zu spielen (Essay on Instruction for Playing the
Transverse Flute) in which Quantz outlines his view on composing: "If
a solo is to please everyone it must be arranged so that the inclination of
each listener can find nourishment in it. It must be neither entirely cantabile
nor entirely lively. Just as each movement must be quite different from the
others, so each must have within itself a good mixture of pleasing and brilliant
ideas. For even the most beautiful idea can eventually become tiresome if
it is not played differently each time, and although constant liveliness or
sheer difficulty might be admired, neither is especially moving".
In my view these interpretations fail to live up to Quantz's principles. Yes,
the performances are technically brilliant, and musically they are lively
and energetic. That said, they are short on expression and sensitivity. What
I find most disappointing is the lack of differentiation in dynamics in the
playing. Verena Fischer mostly plays forte, and the only dynamic shading is
between forte and mezzo-forte.
The tempi of the fast movements are mostly very fast, which in itself is no
problem. But here it leads to a performance which doesn't breathe, and the
playing is too straightforward. The slow movements are the most unsatisfying.
Take the middle movement of Sonata No. 275, which has the character indication
affettuoso. The performance is in fact short on Affekt: it just
goes on and on, without much variety in dynamic. Despite Quantz’s indications
the second movement of the Sonata No. 276 is not very cantabile.
This disc shows that Quantz was a rather good composer; there is no reason
to look down on his oeuvre. In that respect this disc is a winner, and nice
to listen to. Yet I found it difficult to listen to it at a stretch, as I
usually do with review discs. The style of performance tends to become tiresome
after a while. A more sensitive interpretation would have done Quantz's sonatas
greater justice. My advice is to listen to no more than a couple of these
sonatas at a time.
Johan van Veen
see also review by Carla Rees