AMERICAN SYMPHONIES

A Discography Of CDs And LPs
Prepared by Michael Herman
Maintained by Stephen Ellis

© 2011-19 Michael Herman

Most recent update: February 2022

All national discographies

Composers A-F ~ Composers G-O ~ Composers P-Z

---

INTRODUCTION

The title of this discography is self-explanatory. The composers surveyed were either born or came to settle in the United States of America. As this has always been a nation of immigrants, it should come as no surprise that a large number of America's symphonists were born outside of its borders. In fact, the very first acknowledged composer of symphonies in America, Anthony Philip Heinrich (1781-1861), came from what is now the Czech Republic. Many composers included in this work are also to be found in other discographies in this series devoted to their native lands. Not included, however, are composers who spent some years in America, usually for political reasons, such as Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud and Paul Hindemith, but who are more closely associated with their countries of origin. Such composers will be found only in the discographies specifically covering the composers of their native lands.

The Symphony came to America during the first half of the nineteenth century. The creation in 1842 of our first important professional orchestra, the New York Philarmonic, was probably the key event in the American symphony's early development. As the Philharmonic performed the symphonic works of the European masters, it undoubtedly served as the spur for native composers, such as William Henry Fry (1813-1864) and George Frederick Bristow (1825-1898) and, later, John Knowles Paine (1839-1906) and William Wallace Gilchrist (1846-1916), to try their hands at symphonies. By the turn of the twentieth century, symphony orchestras had been organized in other major cities, and the founding of important music schools such as the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston and the National Conservatory of Music in New York heightened the level of professional musicianship in America, paving the way for this country's great wave of symphonic composers in the twentieth century. The most noted producers of American symphonies were born between 1890 and 1910 and included Walter Piston, Howard Hanson, Roger Sessions, Roy Harris, Aaron Copland, Samuel Barber and William Schuman. However, not one of their symphonies has entered the international basic repertoire. Yet, the composition of symphonies, as this work documents, continued unabated throughout the twentieth century and goes on into the present one.

The recording of American symphonies has always been a spotty operation. The galaxy of composers mentioned in the previous paragraph, as well as the maverick Charles Ives, have been represented on the major commercial labels, though rarely consistently. Lesser-known composers also occasionally appeared on these labels but those recordings had very short lifespans. Thus, the vast majority of recorded American symphonies have been produced by small labels, often subsidized by the composers themselves. During the LP era, Louisville and CRI Records were the most prolific of these labels, while on CDs, companies such as Albany Records, Delos, MMC, Vienna Modern Masters and Centaur Records now fill this niche.

A special feature of symphonies produced in the United States has been the vast amount of works in this form for symphonic wind bands and ensembles of various types. As bands are a prominent fixture in most American universities, colleges and even high schools, and as most composers teach at such institutions, it is not surprising that bands are the ideal performance venues for many of these creators of music. Again, specialist labels have been around over the years to record such works.

As in the previous discographies in this series, no attempt has been made to list every release of every recording of each work. There have just been too many reissues, especially from the major labels, to make this feasible for many recordings. Instead, what are listed are the most current issue the author has located and the earliest release (if any on LP or CD) of that particular recording. In general, multi-disc compendium releases are omitted unless they contain a unique recording or the sole modern reissue of a previously released performance. Recorded is here defined as being available in a physical format that can be (or could have been) purchased or obtained from either a commercial or non-commercial source. Tape recordings, DVD's and formats other than CD's or LP's are not included.

The entry for each composer consists of two sections. First there is a compact biographical paragraph that notes some essential information such as place of birth, higher musical education (including schools and prominent teachers), subsequent musical careers, in addition to composing, and details of other symphonies that have not been recorded. Compositional styles are not discussed in these paragraphs, and readers are referred to the bibliography where various reference books that cover this subject are listed. The second part of each composer entry consists of lists of his or her symphonies that have been recorded and the various recordings of each work. "Symphony" is defined here as any work the composer has designated as such in its title, including works called "sinfonia" or "sinfonietta." The works can be for full orchestra, chamber orchestra, strings, winds, brass or chorus and orchestra. For every symphony that has them, the opus number, key signature and title are noted and the year of composition or première (if known) is stated for all. The entries of the symphonies that have had multiple recordings are listed alphabetically by the conductor's name. Each listing of a recording consists of the following components: (1) performers (in this order if all are involved - conductor, soloists, choral group, orchestra), (2) other work or works on the recording, (3) label and catalogue number and year of issue and (4) If the recording is a reissue, the original LP or CD release and its year of issue. Please note that the performers listed are for the entry work and not necessarily for the works that it is coupled with. Also, in most instances when an entry work is included in a large collection (especially if most of the other works are not related to the discography's subject), the list of couplings is not given but is replaced by the title of the collection.

***************

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Although he appears on the front cover as the editor, Steve Ellis can really be better charcterized as this work's co-author. My knowledge of the recordings of American symphonies is miniscule compared to his, and without his input, the number of composers and works documented here would be considerably less. I would also like to thank the following composers for supplying me with additional information and answering questions about them and their work. They are: Larry Bell, Thomas Beveridge, David Canfield, Carson Cooman, Stephen Dankner, Peter Farmer, Barbara Harbach, James Hopkins, Jeffrey Jacob, Steven Perillo and Scott Robbins. As in my previous discographies, Len Mullenger of MusicWeb International was on hand to help my work onto the internet.

Please note that all recordings listed are CDs unless specifically designated as LPs.

COMPOSER LIST

Please note that while the discogrpahies continue to be updated, the list below will not be.

ACTOR, LEE (b. 1952) ADAMS, JOHN (b. 1947) ADLER, SAMUEL (b.1928) ALBERT, STEPHEN (1941-1992) ALBURGER, MARK (b. 1957) ALLANBROOK, DOUGLAS (1921-2003) AMRAM, DAVID (b. 1930) ANDERSON, T(HOMAS) J(EFFERSON) , JR. (b. 1928) ANDREWS, JAMES (b. 1945) ANTHEIL, GEORGE (1900-1959) ARCHER, KIMBERLY K. (b. 1973) ARNAUD, LÉO (1904- 1991) ASENJO, FLORENCIO (b.1926) ASHLEY, ROBERT (b. 1930) ASIA, DANIEL (b. 1953) AUSTIN, ELIZABETH (b. 1938) AVSHALOMOV, AARON (1894-1965) AVSHALOMOV, JACOB (b. 1919) BALADA, LEONARDO (b. 1933) BALEY, VIRKO (b.1938) BANFIELD, WILLIAM (b. 1961) BARATI, GEORGE (1913-1996) BARBER, SAMUEL (1910-1981) BARKER-NELSON, MARIE (b. 1926) BARNES, JAMES (b. 1949) BASSETT, LESLIE (1923-1999) BAUMAN, JON WARD (1939-2009) BAZELON, IRWIN (1922-1995) BEACH, AMY CHENEY (1867-1944) BEAL, JEFF (b. 1963) BECKER, JOHN J. (1886- 1961) BEESON, JACK (1921-2010) BELL, ELIZABETH (b. 1928) BELL, LARRY (b. 1952) BENNETT, ROBERT RUSSELL (1894-1981) BENSON, WARREN (1924-2005) BERNSTEIN, LEONARD (1918-1990) BERRY, CHARLES ROLAND (b. 1957) BESTOR, CHARLES (b. 1924) BEVERIDGE, THOMAS (b. 1938) BEVERSDORF, THOMAS (1924-1981) BEYER, FREDERICK (1926-2001) BIGGS, JOHN (b. 1932) BILIK, JERRY (b. 1933) BINKERD, GORDON (1916-2003) BLACKWOOD, EASLEY (b. 1933) BLITZSTEIN, MARC (1905-1964) BLOCH, ERNEST (1880-1959) BODA, JOHN (1922-2002) BOLCOM, WILLIAM (b. 1938) BOLLE, JAMES (b. 1931) BOOKER, CHARLES L., JR. (b. 1952) BOYADJIAN, HAYG (b. 1938) BOYER , PETER (b. 1970) BOYSEN, ANDREW, JR. (b. 1968) BRANCA, GLENN (1948-2018) BRANT, HENRY (1913-2008) BRICKMAN, SCOTT (b. 1963) BRISMAN, HESKEL(1923-2001) BRISTOW, GEORGE FREDERICK (1825-1898) BROEGE, TIMOTHY (b. 1947) BROWN, JONATHAN BRUCE (b. 1952) BROWN, RAYNER (1912-1999) BUKVICH, DANIEL (b. 1954) BURTON, STEPHEN (b. 1943) BUSCH, DENNIS (1947-2003) CALABRO, LOUIS (1926-1996) CAMPHOUSE, MARK (b. 1954) CANFIELD, DAVID DEBOOR (b. 1950) CARPENTER, JOHN ALDEN (1876-1951) CAROLLO, JOHN A. (b.1954) CARTER, ELLIOTT (1908-2012) CHADWICK, GEORGE WHITEFIELD (1854-1931) CHAMBERS, WENDY MAE (b. 1953) CHANCE, JOHN BARNES (1932-1972) CHIHARA, PAUL (b. 1938) COATES, GLORIA (b. 1938) COCKEY, JIM (b. 1947) COHN, JAMES (b. 1928) COLLINS, EDWARD JOSEPH (1886-1951) CONSTANTINIDES, DINOS (b. 1929) COOKE, FRANCIS JUDD (1910-1995) COOMAN, CARSON (b. 1982) COOPER, PAUL (1926-1996) COPLAND, AARON (1900-1990) CORIGLIANO, JOHN (b. 1938) CORTÉS, RAMIRIO, JR. (1933-1984) COWELL, HENRY (1897-1965) CRESTON, PAUL (1906-1985) CROZIER, DANIEL (b.1965) CUNNINGHAM,MICHAEL G. (b. 1937) CURTIS-SMITH, C(URTIS) (b. 1941) CUSTER, ARTHUR (1923-1998) DAGHIGHIAN, SAM (b. 1973) DAHL, INGOLF (1912-1970) DANIELPOUR, RICHARD (b. 1956) DANKNER, STEPHEN (b. 1944) DAUGHERTY, MICHAEL (b. 1954) DAWSON, WILLIAM LEVI (1899-1990) DEL TREDICI, DAVID (b. 1937) DELLO JOIO, NORMAN (1913-2008) DIAMOND, DAVID (1915-2005) DICK, MARCEL (1898-1991) DI DOMENICA, ROBERT (b. 1927) DÓRATI, ANTAL (1906-1988) DOUGLAS, PAUL M. (1936-2010) DUFFY, JOHN (b. 1926) EFFINGER, CECIL (1914-1990) ELLINGTON, DUKE (1899-1974) ENGEBRETSON, MARK (b. 1964) ERB, DONALD (1927-2008) EWAZEN, ERIC (b. 1954) FAIROUZ, MOHAMMED  (b. 1985) FARBERMAN, HAROLD (b. 1929) FARMER, PETER (b.1941) FELCIANO, RICHARD (b. 1930) FINE, IRVING (1914-1962) FINNEY, ROSS LEE (1906-1997) FLAGELLO, NICOLAS (1928-1994) FORTE, ALDO RAFAEL (b. 1953) FOSS, LUKAS (1922-2009) FRANCO, JOHAN (1908-1988) FREDRICKSON, THOMAS (b. 1928) FRY, WILLIAM HENRY (1813-1864) FRITZE, GREGORY (b. 1954) FUNK, ERIC (b. 1949) FUSSELL, CHARLES (b. 1938) GAINES, DAVID (b. 1961) GALBRAITH, NANCY (b. 1951) GALLAGHER, JACK (b. 1947) GARROP, STACY (b. 1969) GATES, CRAWFORD (b. 1921) GERBER, STEPHEN R. (1948-2015) GIANNINI, VITTORIO (1903-1966) GIDEON, MIRIAM (1906-1996) GILLINGHAM, DAVID (b.1947) GILLIS, DON (1912-1978) GIOVANNINI, CAESAR (b. 1925) GIROUX, JULIE (b. 1961) GLASS, PHILIP (b. 1937) GLOVINSKY, BEN (b. 1942) GOEB, ROGER (1914-1997) GOLDENTHAL, ELLIOTT (b. 1954) GOODMAN, JEROME D. (b. 1933) GOTTSCHALK, LOUIS MOREAU (1829-1869) GOULD, MORTON (1913-1990) GRANTHAM, DONALD (b.1947) GREEN, BERNARD (1908-1975) GREEN, RAY (1908-1987) GREENBERG, JAY (b. 1991) GRILLER, ARNOLD (b. 1937) GRUENBERG, LOUIS (1884-1964) GUTCHË, GENE (1907-2000) HADLEY, HENRY KIMBALL (1871-1937) HAIEFF, ALEXEI (1914-1994) HAILSTORK, ADOLPHUS (b. 1941) HAIMO, ETHAN (b. 1950) HAMPTON, MITCH (b. 1967) HANSON, HOWARD (1896-1981) HARBACH, BARBARA (b. 1946) HARBISON, JOHN (b. 1938) HARRIS, ROY (1898-1979) HARRISON, LOU (1917-2003) HARTKE, STEPHEN (b. 1952) HARTLEY, WALTER (b. 1927) HAUFRECHT, HERBERT (1909-1998) HEADLEY, HUBERT KLYNE (1906-1995) HEARSHEN, IRA (b. 1948) HEIDEN, BERNHARD (1910-2000) HEINRICH, ANTHONY PHILIP (1781-1861) HELPS, ROBERT (1928-2001) HERRMANN, BERNARD (1911-1975) HERSCH, MICHAEL (b.1971) HEWITT, HARRY (1921-2003) HILL, EDWARD BURLINGAME (1872-1960) HILL, WILLIAM (b. 1954) HODKINSON, SYDNEY (b. 1934) HOFFER, BERNARD (b. 1934) HOLSINGER, DAVID R. (b. 1945) HONOROFF, RICHARD (b. 1951) HOOSE, ALFRED (b. 1918) HOPKINS, JAMES (b. 1939) HORVIT, MICHAEL (b. 1932) HORWOOD, MICHAEL (b. 1947) HOVHANESS, ALAN (1911-2000) HURWIT, ALBERT (b.1931) HUSA, KAREL (b. 1921) IANNACCONE, ANTHONY (b. 1943) IMBRIE, ANDREW (1921-2007) INCE, KAMRAN (b. 1960) ISRAEL, BRIAN (1951-1986) IVES, CHARLES (1874-1954) JACOB, JEFFREY (b. 1948) JAGER, ROBERT (b. 1939) JAMES, PHILIP (1890-1975) JARRETT, JACK (b. 1934) JOHNSON, A. PAUL (b. 1955) JOHNSON, JAMES P. (1894-1955) JONES, CHARLES (1910-1997) JONES, CHARLES "BIG" (b. 1931) JONES, J. RANDOLPH (1910-1982) JONES, SAMUEL (b.1935) JOSTEN, WERNER (1885-1963)

KANITZ, ERNEST (1894-1978) KAY, HERSHY (1919-1981) KAY, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1917-1995) KECHLEY, GERALD (b. 1919) KELLER, HOMER (1915-1996) KELLY, PETER (b. 1965) KELLY, ROBERT (1916-2007) KEMNER, GERALD (1932-2007) KERNIS, AARON JAY (b. 1960) KERR, HARRISON (1897-1978) KIEVMAN, CARSON (b. 1949) KIRCHNER, LEON (1919-2009) KNOX, CHARLES (b. 1929) KOHS, ELLIS (1916-2000) KORF, ANTHONY (b. 1951) KORNEITCHOUK, IGOR (b. 1956) KORNGOLD, ERICH WOLFGANG (1897-1957) KORTE, KARL (b. 1928) KRAFT, LEO (b. 1922) KRAFT, WILLIAM (b. 1923) KRAMER, TIMOTHY (b.1959) KRENEK, ERNST (1900-1991) KUBIK, GAIL (1914-1984) KUGEL, DALE (b. 1931) KUPFERMAN, MEYER (1926-2003) KURKA, ROBERT (1921-1957) LA MONTAINE, JOHN (1920-2013) LARSEN, LIBBY (b. 1950) LAZAROF, HENRY (b. 1932) LEE, DAI-KEONG (1915-2005) LEES, BENJAMIN (1924-2010) LESHNOFF, JONATHAN (b. 1973) LESSARD, JOHN (1920-2003) LEVINSON, GERALD (b. 1955) LEVITCH, LEON (b. 1927) LEVY, FRANK EZRA (b. 1930) LEWIS, ROBERT HALL (1926-1996) LIEBERMANN, LOWELL (b. 1961) LINDENFELD, HARRIS (b. 1945) LOCKLAIR, DAN (b. 1949) LOPATNIKOFF, NIKOLAI (1903-1976) LUDWIG, THOMAS (b. 1952) LUKE, RAY (1928-2010) McALISTER, CLARK (b. 1946) McCARTHY, DANIEL (b. 1955) McDONALD, HARL (1899-1955) McKAY, GEORGE FREDERICK (1899-1970) MACKEY, JOHN (b. 1973) McKINLEY, WILLIAM THOMAS (b. 1938) McKUEN, ROD (b. 1933) McPHEE, COLIN (1900-1964) MAHONEY SHAFER (b. 1968) MANOOKIAN, JEFF (b. 1953) MARET, STANLEY (b. 1926) MASLANKA, DAVID (1943-2017) MECHEM, KIRKE (b. 1925) MEIER, MARGARET SHELTON (b. 1936) MELLONI, ROMEO CESARE (b. 1963) MENNIN, PETER (1923-1983) MEYEROWITZ, JAN (1913-1998) MILLIKAN, ANN  (b. 1963) MOORE, DOUGLAS (1893-1969) MORAVEC, PAUL (b. 1957) MOROSS, JEROME (1913-1983) MOYER, EDWARD ROSS (b. 1950) MYERS, THELDON (b. 1927) NANES, RICHARD (1941-2009) NELHYBEL, VACLAV (1919-1996) NORDOFF, PAUL (1909-1977) NORTH, ALEX (1910-1991) O'CONNOR, MARK (b. 1961) OLMSTEAD, R. NEIL (b. 1953) OSBORNE, CHARLES DAVID (b. 1950) OTT, DAVID (b. 1947) OVERTON, HALL (1920-1972) PAINE, JOHN KNOWLES (1839-1906) PASATIERI, THOMAS (b. 1945) PAULUS, STEPHEN (1949-2014) PERILLO, STEVEN (b. 1955) PERKINSON, COLERIDGE-TAYLOR (1932-2004) PERLE, GEORGE (1915-2009) PERSICHETTI, VINCENT (1915-1987) PICKER, TOBIAS (b. 1954) PIERCE, ALEXANDRA (b. 1934) PILLIN, BORIS (b. 1940) PINKHAM, DANIEL (1923-2006) PISTON, WALTER (1894-1976) PORTER, QUINCY (1897-1966) POST, DAVID L. (b. 1949) POWELL, JOHN (1882-1963) POZDRO, JOHN (1923-2009) PRICE, FLORENCE (1887-1953) PROCTER, LELAND (1914-1994) PUTS, KEVIN (b. 1972) RAGER, DAN (b. 19 ? ) RATHAUS, KAROL (1895-1954) READ, GARDNER (1913-2005) REED, ALFRED (1921-2005) REED, H. OWEN (1910-2011) REINEKE, STEVEN (b. 1970) REYNOLDS, ROGER (b. 1936) RIEGGER, WALLINGFORD (1885-1961) RIETI, VITTORIO (1898-1994) ROBB, JOHN DONALD (1892-1989) ROBBINS, SCOTT (b. 1964) ROCHBERG, GEORGE (1918-2005) RODBY, JOHN (b. 1944) ROREM, NED (b. 1923) ROSNER, ARNOLD (1945-2013) ROUSE, CHRISTOPHER (b. 1949) RÓZSA, MIKLÓS (1907-1995) RUDHYAR, DANE (1895-1985) RUSSELL, ARMAND (b. 1932) RUSSO, WILLIAM (1928-2003) RZEWSKI, FREDERIC (b. 1938) SACCO, P. PETER (1928-2000) SANDERS, ROBERT L. (1906-1974) SANJUAN, PEDRO (1886-1976) SAVAGE, ROBERT (1951-1993) SCARMOLIN, ANTHONY LOUIS (1890-1969) SCHIFFMAN, HAROLD (b. 1928) SCHULLER, GUNTHER (1925-2015) SCHUMAN, WILLIAM (1910-1992) SEREBRIER, JOSÉ (b. 1938) SERLY, TIBOR (1901-1978) SESSIONS, ROGER (1896-1985) SHAFFER, DAVID (b. 1953) SHAPERO, HAROLD (1920-2013) SHERWOOD, GORDON (b. 1929) SHORE, HOWARD (b. 1946) SIEGMEISTER, ELIE (1909-1991) SIERRA, ROBERTO (b. 1953) SKROWACZEWSKI, STANISŁAW (b. 1923) SLEEPER, THOMAS M. (b. 1956) SMITH, CLAUDE T. (1932-1987) SMITH, LARRY ALAN (b. 1955) SMITH, ROBERT W. (b. 1958) SNOECK, KENNETH (b. 1946) SOUTHERS, LEROY (1941-2003) SOWERBY, LEO (1895-1968) SPEARS, JARED (b. 1930) STALNAKER, WILLIAM (b. 19--) STAMP, JACK (b. 1954) STANBERY, PAUL JOHN (b. 1957) STEINER, MAX (1888-1971) STEVENS, HALSEY (1908-1989) STILL, WILLIAM GRANT (1895-1978) STOCK, DAVID (b. 1939) STOKES, ERIC (1930-1999) STRONG, GEORGE TEMPLETON (1856-1948) SUBER, STEPHEN (b. 1950) SURINACH, CARLOS (1915-1997) SVOBODA, TOMAS (b. 1939) SWANSON, HOWARD (1907-1978) SYLER, JAMES (b. 1961) TAYLOR, HELEN (1915-1950) TCHEREPNIN, ALEXANDER (1899-1977) THEOFANIDIS, CHRISTOPHER (b. 1967) THOMPSON, RANDALL (1899-1984) THOMSON, VIRGIL (1896-1989) THORNE, FRANCIS (b. 1922) TICHELI, FRANK (b. 1958) TILLIS, FREDERICK (b. 1930) TIMPSON, MICHAEL SIDNEY (b. 1970) TOCH, ERNST (1887-1964) TREMBLAY, GEORGE (1911-1982) TRIMBLE, LESTER (1923-1986) TRYTHALL, GILBERT (b. 1930) TULL, FISHER (1934-1994) UNDERWOOD, JAMES (b. 1951) VAN VACTOR, DAVID (1906-1994) VINCENT, JOHN (1902-1977) VINSON, ROBERT (b. 1949) WAGENAAR, BERNARD (1894-1971) WAGGONER, ANDREW (b. 1960) WALCZYK, KEVIN  (b. 1964) WALDROP, GIDEON (1919-2000) WALKER, GEORGE ( 1922-2018) WARD, ROBERT (1917-2013) WARREN, ELINOR REMICK (1900-1991) WARSHAUER, MEIRA (b. 1949) WASHBURN, ROBERT (b. 1928) WAXMAN, FRANZ (1906-1967) WAYNE, HAYDEN (b. 1949) WEBER, BEN (1916-1979) WEIGEL, EUGENE (1910-1998) WEIGL, KARL (1881-1949) WEINER, LAWRENCE (b. 1932) WELCHER, DAN (b. 1948) WENDELBURG, NORMA (b. 1918) WERLE, FLOYD (1929-2010) WESTIN, PHILIP (b. 1945) WHEAR, PAUL W. (b. 1925) WHITWELL, DAVID (b. 1937) WIGGLESWORTH, FRANK (1918-1996) WILLIAMS, JOHN (b. 1932) WILLSON, MEREDITH (1902-1984) WILSON, OLLY (b. 1937) WILSON, RICHARD (b. 1941) WINSTIN, ROBERT IAN (1959-2010) WOODWARD, HENRY (1908–1998) WRIGHT, GORDON B. (1934-2007) WUORINEN, CHARLES (b. 1938) YANNATOS, JAMES (b. 1929) YARDUMIAN, RICHARD (1917-1985) YTTREHUS, ROLV (b. 1936) ZAIMONT, JUDITH LANG (b. 1945) ZDUNIAK, GREGORY (b. 1950) ZIFFRIN, MARILYN (b. 1926) ZWILICH, ELLEN TAAFFE (b. 1939)

 

---

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

(1) BOOKS

American Music Recordings: A Discography of 20th-Century U.S. Composers, edited by Carol Oja. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Institute for Studied in American Music, 1982.

Clough, Francis F. and C.J. Cuming. The World's Encyclopedia of Recorded Music (including Supplements) in 3 vols. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1952-57.

Contemporary American Composers, edited by Beth Anderson. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1976.

The New Grove Dictionary of American Music, in 4 vols., edited by H. Wiley Hitchcock and Stanley Sadie. New York: Grove, 1986.

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2d ed., in 29 vols., edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. New York: Grove, 2000.

Howard, John Tasker. Our American Music, 4th ed. New York: Crowell, 1965.

Layton, Robert (ed.). A Guide to the Symphony. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Poulton, Alan J. A Label Discography of Long-Playing Records, 3 vols. Blandford, England: The Oakwood Press, 1975.

Sadie, Julie Anne and Rhian Samuel (eds). The Norton/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers. New York: W.W. Norton and Co,
1995.

Simpson, Robert. The Symphony, 2 vols. New York: Drake Publishers, 1972.

Slonimsky, Nicolas. Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, 8th edition. New York: Schirmer Books, 1992.

Slonimsky, Nicolas. Baker's Biographical Dictionary of 20th Century Classical Musicians (edited by Laura Kuhn). New York: Schirmer Books, 1997.

Thompson, Oscar (ed). The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians, updated 11th edition. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1985.

 

(2) CATALOGS

ASCAP Symphonic Catalog. 3rd ed. (1977)

Gramophone Classical Record Catalogue (retitled: Gramophone Classical Catalogue) (1953-1996)

Gramophone Compact Disc Catalogue (1983-1990)

Schwann Long Playing Record Catalog (retitled: Schwann 1– Record and Tape Guide and Schwann Opus) (1949-2001)

 

(3) WEBSITES

(A) LIBRARY CATALOGS

British Library Sound Archive http://www.bl.uk/collections/sound-archive/nsa.html

Library and Archives Canada http:www.colectionscanada.gc.

Library of Congress http://catalog.loc.gov/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&PAGE=First

New York Public Library Research Catalog http://catnyp.nypl.org/

 

(B) OTHER COMMERCIAL AND NON-COMMERCIAL SITES

Albany Records http://www.albanyrecords.com/

Amazon.com https://www.amazon.com

Amazon (UK) http://www.amazon.co.uk

Arkiv Music http://www.arkivmusic.com/classical/main.jsp

Chandos Records http://www.chandos.net

Crotchet http://www.crotchet.co.uk

EMI/Virgin Classics http://www.emiclassics.com

Gramophone Archive http://www.gramophone.net

MDT http://www.mdt.co.uk/MDTSite/pages/home/default.asp

MusicWeb International http://www.musicweb-international.com

MuziekWeb (Centrale Discotheek Rotterdam) http://www.muziekweb.nl/menu/shared/cat/pica/index.php

Naxos Records http://www.naxos.com

Presto Classical http://www.prestoclassical.co.uk/

 

(C) COMPOSER AND CONDUCTOR SITES

Many contemporary composers have their own websites and others can be found on the websites of their publishers. There are also websites for earlier composers and conductors that are maintained by societies that promote their music and recordings. These can be found by typing the composer's name into any search engine.