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Henry VIII Assertio septem sacramentorum aduersis Martin Lutherum (Defence of the Seven Sacraments)
Once the pages of a book were printed they were often wrapped with a different paper, often leftover printed papers. This was for protection before the book was bound. We see this here. The page shown on the left is from another source. In this case it also happens to be a contemporary piece of parchment which appears at each end. The binder often removed these but sometimes left them in place before binding. This adds interest and value to a book collector.
We can tell this book has been rebound. The original binding overlapped to a greater degree and we can still see the glue markings round the edge of the present cover.